Comparative Study On The System And Spatial Layout Of Urban Pension Facilities In China And Japan

With the aging of Chinese society and the evolution of the basic family structure,the traditional old-age model is difficult to continue.It is urgent for the government,society and families to participate in the reconstruction of the old-age facilities system and optimize the spatial layout of the old-age facilities.Compared with the development of old-age facilities in developed countries such as Japan,China has started late,and in-depth study of Japanese pension facilities and spatial layout methods is great significance to the development of Chinese old-age facilities.However,China’s interpretation of Japan’s pension facilities system is relatively simple,lacking in-depth discussion of the logical level;the in-depth study of the overall spatial layout of pension facilities at the urban level is even more lacking.Therefore,this paper takes the characteristics of the old-age facilities system and the spatial layout of the facilities as the research object,uses the data of the old-age facilities in Osaka City and Tianjin as the support,and conducts a comparative study from the different types and levels of facilities.In the comparative study of the old-age facilities system,based on the overall city data,it focuses on two dimensions: type composition and hierarchical system.The type system constitutes the internal logic of the construction of the facility system and the supply structure of various types of old-age services through diachronic research.The hierarchical system evaluates the various construction indicators of the current grading system in China by analyzing the differences between the grading system of the Chinese and Japanese pension facilities and their influencing factors.The study found that there are four major differences between the pension facilities system in China and Japan.First,the Japanese pension facility system is relatively complete,and there are still incomplete facility system in China.Second,the type of pension facilities in Japan is highly subdivided,and the function of pension facilities in China is Over-combination.Thirdly,Japan is divided into levels according to the total supply of facilities and services,and China is divided according to the coverage of facilities and services.Fourth,the development of Japanese old-age facilities is highly market-oriented,and the layout of facilities and space is adapted to service needs.However,the current facility level construction indicators lack rationality.In terms of the spatial layout of the aged facilities,the city’s overall pension service facility database including the location of the facility space,service functions,bed quantities,and number of medical staff is established,and a space allocation evaluation system for the aged facilities is constructed,and services corresponding to spatial distribution and resource distribution are utilized.The five indicators of radius,spatial accessibility,spatial distribution homogeneity,resource supply capacity and resource distribution fairness are compared.Including the spatial layout characteristics of different types and different levels of facilities.The study found that,first,Japanese various types of facilities generally have a large quantity,small scale,uniform spatial distribution,high total supply of facilities and services,and relatively balanced supply of facilities and resources in various regions.The total supply of service resources is insufficient,and various regions supply is uneven.There is still a certain gap compared with Japan.Second,there is a low degree of discrimination between facilities in China and Japan,and there is a lack of synergy in spatial layout.Finally,based on the previous research,systematically sort out the problem of Chinese old-age facilities system and spatial layout,and put forward the specific optimization path of five major planning steps: allocation type,total amount control,grading setting,space guidance and configuration standard in old-age facilities special planning.The optimization plan includes the reconstruction of the type system of old-age facilities,the total amount of service supply structure control,the standard of grading construction,the spatial allocation indicators,and the identification indicators of insufficient service supply space.