Research On Equalization And Influencing Factors Of Basic Public Services In China

In recent years,China’s economy has developed vigorously and the level of basic public services has improved significantly,but at the same time,the problem of unbalanced development of basic public services has become more and more serious.The report of the19 th CPC National Congress also pointed out that we must continue to promote the equalization of basic public services and promote social fairness and justice.Based on this,this paper evaluates the levels of basic public services in 31 provinces in China,measures the degree of equalization of basic public services between regions,and explores the main factors that affect the levels of regional basic public services,so as to provide reference for promoting the equalization of basic public services.First of all,based on the existing research results of domestic and foreign scholars and centering on the connotation of basic public services,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of basic public services from six dimensions,namely,basic public education,basic medical and health care,basic social security,infrastructure,basic environmental protection and basic public culture.The projection pursuit model based on accelerated genetic algorithm is used to evaluate the levels of basic public services of 31 provinces in China from2011 to 2018.On this basis,this paper adopts Theil index method to calculate the equalization degrees of basic public services across the country and the three major regions of the east,middle and west.Finally,based on the panel data from 2011 to 2018,a spatial lag model is constructed to analyze the main factors affecting the level of basic public services in China,so as to explore the basis for decision-making to promote the equalization of basic public services.The research results show that from 2011 to 2018,the levels of basic public services of31 provinces in China has improved substantially,but there is still a large gap between different regions.Among the three regions,the level of basic public services in the eastern region is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions,but its internal polarization is serious.In the past eight years,the degree of equalization of basic public services in China has increased substantially.Among the three regions,the degree of equalization is the highest in the central region,the second in the western region and the lowest in the eastern region.The inequality within the region is the main reason for the inequality of the level of basic public services in China,and the inequality within the region is mainly caused by the inequality within the eastern region.Among all dimensions,the basic environmental protection services have the highest degree of equalization,while the infrastructure services have the lowest degree of equalization.There are significant spatial spillover effects of basic public services between provinces in China.The levels of basic public services in surrounding areas and areas with similar economic development level have significant positive influence on the level of basic public services in the study area.Improving the level of local economic development and government fiscal expenditure,strengthening the government’s emphasis on basic public services,accelerating the process of urbanization and promoting population agglomeration are all conducive to improving the level of basic public services.The aggravating trend of aging population has hindered the improvement of basic public services.Finally,the following policy suggestions are put forward for the research conclusions:First,focus on the disadvantages of the current development of basic public services;Second,transform government functions and development concepts,and build a "service-oriented" government;Third,accelerate the process of urbanization development,improve the urban-rural dual structure,and give full play to the effect of population aggregation;Fourth,effectively use the spatial spillover effects of basic public services,optimize resource allocation,and respond to the aging population.