A Study On The Problems And Countermeasures Of The Discipline Construction Of Ethnology

The six ethnic colleges and universities directly under the ethnic Affairs Commission are ordinary colleges and universities whose main purpose is to train professionals needed by ethnic minorities or ethnic minority areas in order to solve ethnic problems.At present,ethnology has been listed as a key discipline and dominant discipline in the discipline construction of these six ethnic universities,and has been focusing on the function of "social service" on the basis of personnel training and scientific research.it provides a series of valuable theoretical framework,practical guidance and policy suggestions for national development and solving ethnic problems.However,with the development of ethnology,there are still bottlenecks and practical difficulties in its internal construction and regulation.In fact,when we review the development process of ethnology,it is obvious that ethnic disciplines in different schools show different development status,emphasis and characteristics.For example,the ethnology discipline of the Central Minzu University is at the forefront of the development of domestic ethnology and mainly studies international and domestic ethnic issues;the ethnology discipline of South-Central Minzu University is mainly responsible for ethnic studies and ethnic work in the central region;the ethnology discipline of Southwest University for nationalities is mainly responsible for ethnic studies and ethnic work in the southwest region;the ethnology discipline of Northwest Minzu University is mainly responsible for ethnic studies and ethnic work in the northwest region.The ethnology discipline of the North Minzu University has not yet recruited students,but some research institutes have studied and solved the ethnic problems in the northern region,and Dalian Minzu University has not yet set up the discipline of ethnology and related research.As the country promotes the construction of "double first class" and "Belt and Road Initiative",General Secretary Xi Jinping proposes to build a "community with a shared future for mankind" and "cultural community" for the Chinese nation,which puts forward new requirements for the development of ethnology in our country.it is also a new opportunity for further development and a new challenge for discipline construction.Based on the above background,this study examines the discipline development of six Minzu universities,especially on the basis of investigation and analysis from the dimensions of teachers,academic exchanges,scientific research,personnel training and social services.it is found that the problems in the discipline construction of ethnology are very prominent in the theoretical system of disciplines,the structure of teachers,overseas exchanges,platform innovation and so on.This study takes the ethnology disciplines of five ethnic universities,including the Central Minzu University,the South-Central UMinzu University,the Southwest Minzu University,the Northwest Minzu University and the North Minzu University,as the research object,and combs the development history and construction status quo of ethnology,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in view of the existing problems,in order to make a modest contribution to the discipline construction and reform practice of ethnology in Minzu colleges and universities.First of all,this study starts with the connotation of the discipline,the connotation and extension of the ethnology discipline,and the theoretical basis of studying the ethnology discipline,and grasps the development history and essence of the discipline,and the relationship between the discipline,specialty and department.Understand the connotation of ethnology discipline,the characteristics of ethnology discipline,the branch discipline of ethnology.According to the pedagogy expert Professor Kang Cuiping’s construction of the discipline form,this paper puts forward the theoretical basis for studying the ethnology discipline from the perspective of pedagogy,and then makes a preliminary understanding of the ethnology discipline and prepares for further research.Secondly,it combs the development process of ethnology in five ethnic colleges and universities,and summarizes and sorts out the existing periodical papers,academic monographs and "Chinese Social Science-ethnology Development report" and other materials,so as to understand the historical process and development characteristics of ethnology.Thirdly,on the basis of the development of ethnology discipline in five Minzu universities,through the methods of data collection,content analysis and interview,taking the discipline organization form,discipline knowledge form and discipline activity form as the investigation dimension and analysis framework,this paper makes an investigation,statistics and analysis on the current situation of ethnology discipline construction in five ethnic colleges and universities.This paper focuses on the analysis of the problems from the aspects of organizational structure,teaching staff,curriculum knowledge system and the implementation of discipline activities,so as to explore the root causes of the problems existing in the discipline construction of ethnology in five Minzu universities.Finally,according to the existing research basis,it provides effective countermeasures for the discipline construction of ethnology in five Minzu universities.First,in the construction of the concept of discipline: 1.The research object is from the study of "minority culture" to the study of "international national culture";the research area has changed from "regional division" to "regional integration";2.In terms of the orientation of ethnology,it has changed from "developing multiple disciplines at the same time" to "independent,intersecting and leapfrogging" of each discipline;3.In the aspect of training talents in ethnology,it has changed from "unconscious liberalism" to "the training goal of consciousness".Second,in the discipline system construction: 1.The establishment of the "short-term" system of ethnology coexists with the construction of the long-term system;2.Strengthen the construction of discipline management system,distinguish the discipline management system of ethnology,sociology,anthropology and other related disciplines,and establish targeted management methods,which cannot be generalized;3.Policy first,through the formulation of ethnology-related policies to guide the discipline system construction,so as to make the system construction scientific and effective.Third,in terms of the operating mechanism of the discipline:1.To establish a goal-oriented mechanism,including establishing the discipline’s own goal-oriented mechanism,training talents,deepening the social service goal-oriented mechanism,and constructing the cultural inheritance goal-oriented mechanism;2.Establish a policy-oriented mechanism,start with education policy,discipline policy,curriculum policy,ethnic policy and other aspects,reasonably improve the policy content,and formulate a sound discipline policy according to discipline organization,discipline knowledge and discipline activities;3.Establish a mechanism for sharing resources and information,and share the resources and information of ethnology in five ethnic colleges and universities in a timely manner;4.Establish the pluralistic mechanism of discipline echelon structure,including the pluralistic mechanism of teachers’ educational background structure,the pluralistic mechanism of academic experience,and the pluralistic mechanism of teacher types.Fourth,in the aspect of discipline knowledge construction: 1.Attach importance to the construction of the theoretical system of the discipline itself and improve the theoretical system of the discipline;2.We should construct the trinity discipline system of "theory,practice and technology",form a reasonable theoretical knowledge system of ethnology,form a complete practice system of ethnology,and form a basic and perfect system of technological application.