An Investigation Of The Typological Characteristics Of Chinese Spatial Prepositions Based On The Comparison Of Chinese And Thai And The Analysis Of Interlanguage Corpus

Based on linguistic typology theory and Chinese-Thai bilingual parallel corpus,this paper investigates the typological characteristics of Chinese-Thai spatial prepositions from the aspects of semantic type characteristics,usage frequency,grammaticalization phenomenon,lexicalization trend,syntactic function and word order.Through comparison,we find that both commonalities and characteristics can be reflected by the acquisition of Chinese spatial prepositions by Thai Chinese learners.The differences between Chinese spatial prepositions and Thai in terms of word order,type,looming and semantics can describe the characteristic contours of Chinese spatial prepositions and show the type characteristics of Chinese spatial prepositions.The conclusions of this study are as follows:1.The difference in the types of Chinese-Thai spatial prepositions is the main factor leading to the differences in word order,latent features,and syntactic components of Chinese-Thai spatial prepositions,and it is also one of the main reasons for the types of errors in Thai Chinese learners.2.From the point of view of the composition of themes,all the spatial themes in Thai are composed of prepositions,while in Chinese there are a large number of frame prepositions in addition to the prepositions,such as:in...up/down,in......in/in/in,from...up/down,from...in,etc.3.In the spatial orientation relationship between Chinese and Thai,the frequency of use of end-theme prepositions in Chinese,Thai,and English is higher than that of start-point themes,all showing semantic asymmetry.4.The grammaticalization of Chinese spatial prepositions is not as high as that of Thai.From the frequency of use,Thai spatial prepositions are more frequently used than Chinese;from the syntactic environment,the word order of Thai spatial prepositions in a sentence tends to be stable,while some Chinese spatial prepositions still retain the usage of verbs,such as"zai";From the perspective of semantic generalization,Thai spatial prepositions are more abstract and have more complex and diverse meanings,such as（?）[da:m33]（following/along）in addition to the via meaning,there are also"according to,based on"and other meanings.Therefore,we know that Thai spatial prepositions have a higher degree of grammaticalization,but Chinese spatial prepositions are combined with monosyllabic verbs that are harmonious with displacement or preposition meaning to form a"V+P"structure,and gradually merge with verbs,showing a lexicalization trend.5.There are differences in word order,type and lexicalization between the Chinese locative prepositions"zai"and"yu"and the corresponding prepositions in Thai.In addition,"zai"also has complex hidden rules."zai"and"yu"are generally used as adverbial before verbs,but They tend to be lexicalized with monosyllabic verbs with attached meaning and state meaning,which makes the word order of"zai and yu"mandatory.Therefore,when collocating such verbs,"zai"is used as a complement after the verb,which is easy to cause learning.The word order of"zai"and yu"is wrong,resulting in errors."zai"also has a wealth of frame prepositions,but Thai does not have this type of preposition,so learners are easy to miss the postposition words in frame prepositions,It is precisely because the postposition assumes the semantic function of the preposition and the function of the connection item of the preposition that the"zai"has a looming situation,and the rules are complicated.When it is used as an adverbial at the beginning of a sentence,it expresses the specific spatial position and abstract space,and there is looming freedom;It must appear when thinking space.When"zai"is after the subject and before the verb,it must appear in other situations except in strong oral language and in relative clauses.When"zai"is used as a complement after the verb,it has Except for"zai"after monosyllabic verbs with attached meaning or displacement meaning,there are other situations that must appear.When"zai"is used as an attribute,freedom is looming,especially when the introduced element acts as a subject or object,it must be hidden.The complex looming law of prepositions makes it easy for learners to add"zai"by mistake,resulting in errors.6.The thematic prepositions"from,from"and"（?）[ca:k21]（from）"are consistent in frequency of use and introductory themes,reflecting the mirror phenomenon of language in the introductory themes.However,there are great differences in the type of prepositions and word order.In order to express complete semantic needs,"cong"and postpositions"上,中,里"constitute box-type prepositions,while"（?）[ca:k²¹]（from）"does not For box-type prepositions,learners are prone to omit the postpositions in"from"type box-type prepositions,resulting in errors.When the postposition in the framing preposition generally expresses the range of direction or is a locative word,"from"is looming and free,and the learner is easy to add it by mistake.In addition,the starting prepositions in Thai are generally located after the verb,while the starting prepositions in Chinese are located before the verb,so learners are prone to misordering errors.7.The end prepositions"to"and"（?）⁴¹]（to）"can both introduce the specific position reached by the action and the duration of the action,but"to"can also indicate the degree to which the action is reached,but the difference is the largest word order position and preposition type.Like"zai","to"is generally used as an adverbial before verbs,and tends to be merged with verbs,and the number and types of verbs entering"V+to"construction are the most,mainly including displacement sense,acquired sense,increase or decrease sense,and state.For semantic and sensory monosyllabic verbs,when collocating with these verbs,"to"is usually placed after the verb as a complement,which can easily lead to confusion between learners’adverbial and complement syntax.8.Chinese directional prepositions and via prepositions have more complex semantic functions than Thai.They can be interchanged when introducing common themes,but in some cases they cannot be interchanged,which makes it difficult for Thai students to distinguish the usage of each preposition,resulting in directional prepositions and via prepositions.The acquisition is slow,and some prepositions are not acquired even at the advanced stage.The semantic function of the directional prepositions"towards,xiang,xiang"is more complicated than the corresponding directional prepositions in Thai and English.The division of labor of directional prepositions in Thai is relatively clear,and none of the three prepositions can be interchanged.In English,directional prepositions only have towards.And"xiang","wang"and"chao"are used to introduce a specific direction and are located before the verb,which can be interchanged,which is equivalent to"（?）[bai33]（direction/direction/to）",but it is usually located after the verb.When introducing the object themes,only"xiang"and"chao"can be interchanged,but the Thai direction themes have no such meaning,which is the individual characteristic of the Chinese direction themes."xiang"and"xiang"can also be used after verbs to indicate the trend of action.At this time,the syntactic position and semantics of"（?）[bai³³ja（?）³³]（xiang/go）"are consistent with cross-language commonality,and they are all postpositions.In Chinese,there is a tendency to merge with verbs to form"V Xiang/Go"vocabulary,but the verbs that can enter this construction need to be in harmony with the semantics of the preposition.The fusion verbs of"Xiang"are mainly monosyllabic verbs,most of them are sensory verbs and verbs with displacement,and"V Xiang"is mainly composed of verbs with displacement and continuity.The word order position of the word order is mandatory and must be placed after the verb,which makes Chinese learners prone to misordering errors.9.The preposition"（?）[da:m³³]（along/along）"contains all the semantics of"along"and"along",the usage is relatively simple,and the word order position is relatively fixed.And"along"and"along"are mainly preceded by verbs,and can be interchanged when introducing the route of a specific route.This usage is relatively common.In addition,there is only one preposition in Thai via sense,and"along"tends to express the The route meaning of track meaning is consistent with the partial semantic usage of"（?）[da:m³³]（following/along）",which causes learners to use"along"and rarely use"along".generate avoidance.10.By comparing the use frequency,distribution and themes of each preposition,it is found that"to","from","leave","zai"and"self"are weak in spatial prepositions and belong to unmarked items.The frequency of use is not only very high,but also the word order position in the sentence is more flexible,and the theme elements are more abundant.The marked items of"yu","chao"and"shun（zhu）"are stronger and belong to marked items in spatial prepositions.From the perspective of usage frequency,the usage frequency of"Yu","Chao"and"Shun（Zhi）"is not as high as that of unmarked items;from the perspective of distribution criteria,the syntactic environment in which"Yu","Chao"and"Shun（Zhi）"can appear Narrower;from the standard of meaning,their meanings are contained in unmarked prepositions,so they are more marked.11.Misordering error is a typical error in the process of learning Chinese spatial prepositions by Thai students,accounting for 38.97%.It not only reflects the word order type characteristics of Chinese prepositions,but also reflects the verb type characteristics that collocate with prepositions.The wrong addition accounted for27.49%;the wrong addition of"zai"and"cong"frame prepositions as adverbial adverbs is typical,reflecting the latent characteristics of Chinese prepositions.Omission bias accounted for 22.72%,mainly due to the omission of postpositions in framing prepositions.Missubstitution error is the lowest,accounting for 10.82%,which is reflected in the missubstitution of spatial prepositions.Chinese spatial prepositions have common thematic features,but they are irreplaceable,and learners are easily confused,resulting in missubstitution errors.