An Error Analysis Of The Negatine Adverb “bu”by Vietnamese Chinese Learners

Negation is a logical category that is common to any language.The use of Chinese negation is a difficult task for many foreign learners of Chinese,and Vietnamese learners of Chinese are no exception.Previous studies have often compared "bu" and "mei" together,but "bu" and "mei" It is necessary to study them separately in order to gain a deeper understanding of the patterns and characteristics of the acquisition of Chinese negatives by foreign Chinese learners.Through the collection of literature,we have not yet found any article that has studied the bias of the negative adverb "bu" among Vietnamese learners,and most of the previous articles have only analyzed the overall bias of learners from a horizontal perspective,without analyzing the development and change characteristics of the bias.Therefore,in this paper,we will study Vietnamese learners’ negation of the adverb "bu" from both horizontal and vertical perspectives.The entire corpus in this paper is drawn from a commonly used Chinese mediated corpus.Firstly,we set the nationality as "Vietnam" and searched the corpus for sentences containing "bu",from which we compiled examples of Vietnamese learners’ errors in negating the adverb "bu".Then,the author classified the types of errors of Vietnamese learners’ negation of the adverb "bu" according to two levels:superficial strategies and superficial features.According to the surface features,five types of errors were classified: errors in the negation of verbs,errors in the negation of adjectives,errors in the negation of prepositions,errors related to complements and errors in comparative sentences.The types of bias that occur in verbs,adjectives,prepositions,complements and comparative sentences are categorised according to the surface strategy into four types of bias: misaddition bias,omission bias,misordering bias,and misrepresentation bias.The causes of these errors are then classified into interlingual errors,intralingual errors and other errors according to the sources of the errors.The main reasons for the errors were found to be negative transfer,generalization of Chinese rules,complexity of Chinese negation usage and learners’ learning strategies.Based on the analysis of the overall error characteristics and causes of errors,Vietnamese learners were divided into three levels of Chinese language proficiency: beginner,intermediate and advanced,and the development and change characteristics of errors were examined.From beginner to advanced levels,Vietnamese learners’ errors of the negative adverb "bu" have gone through a stage where "bu" is mainly substituted for "mei",a stage where the negative error of the able verb has increased significantly,and a stage where "bu" is substituted for "bu".The mispronunciation of "bu" for "mei" and the mispronunciation of the complement are the main stages.Finally,according to the characteristics and causes of the negation of the adverb "bu" in Vietnamese learners,some suggestions are made in terms of teachers’ teaching,teaching materials and individual learners.