On The Late Althusser’s Reinterpretation Of Marx’s Philosophy

In his later years,Althusser claimed that Marx never completely got rid of Hegel’s shackles in philosophy,and even incorporated Marx into the pedigree of "aleatory materialism",thus showing a break from the traditional discourse of dialectical materialism.In fact,this is Althusser’s new interpretation of Marxist philosophy under the complex ideological struggle environment,and it is also a theoretical strategy for Althusser to continue to "defend Marx" in his later years.Firstly,Althusser reinterpreted Marx’s dialectics.In Althusser’s view,Marx used dialectics to construct an "ideal average model" of capitalist economic form in Capital,and scientifically demonstrated the self-preservation and self-development of capitalist production relations,that is,the self-negation of capitalist production relations,which explains the most general economic operation law of capitalist society.However,if we think that Marx’s work stops here,we still do not understand Marx outside the framework of Hegel’s dialectics.In Capital,Marx is not limited to the "ideal" economic model constructed by himself.His historical description of the origin and development of capitalism in Western Europe actually overflows the restriction of Hegel’s "truth" concept on scientific construction,thus leaving room for the diversity of development paths of different countries and nations,which is where Marx’s dialectics transcends Hegel’s dialectics.Furthermore,Althusser reinterpreted Marx’s materialism.Althusser believes that materialism adheres to the restriction of objective material noumenon on consciousness,but the objective material noumenon is by no means a simple source with no internal difference,but a noumenon with infinite possibility space,internal division and conflict.Otherwise,it cannot explain how "one" split "many" through simple regenerative capacity.Because it cannot explain the difference of real things and objective causal inevitability,vulgar materialism can only create "contingency" coexisting with inevitability to cover up the essence of empiricism and agnosticism.Therefore,Althusser put forward "materialism of accidental encounter" as the ontological commitment of dialectical materialism.It is by moving "contingency" to the ontological level that Althusser can firmly hold the position of "inevitability" in the real causality,so as to defend the materialist basis of Marxist philosophy.In the late period,Althusser combined the materialist thoughts of Spinoza,Machiavelli and Freud according to the theory of theoretical form of historical materialism,and defended Marx’s philosophy in an original way.Althusser’s reinterpretation of Marxist philosophy itself is the practice of Marxist philosophy,which not only enriches the theoretical dimension of Marxist Philosophy in the field of ideological struggle,but also provides valuable ideological resources for the construction of the "three systems" of Chinese Marxist philosophy.