The Research Of Relationship Between Marx's French Revolution Study And Construction Of Historical Materialism

The French Revolution is the subject of Marx 's commentary and writing in various contexts throughout his life.The great revolution of French which shaped the face of the modern world constituted Marx 's ideological resources and historical background,and was an important support for the construction of Marx 's historical materialism.It is in the investigation of a series of revolutionary events in France since 1789 that Marx gradually formed and continuously perfected the historical view of materialism.Historical materialism is the first issue that Marx needs to clarify when he constructing historical materialism.Starting from the relationship between ownership and law during the Great Revolution,Marx discovered the simple historical materialist view that ownership determines politics and law.In refuting the historical misjudgment of Powell and others on the French Revolution,Marx saw the material interests behind the French Revolution,revealing the dynamic role of basic social contradictions.Through the analysis of "Napoleon's concept",Marx realized the initiative of social consciousness,so as to make a materialistic answer to the basic questions of social historical view.Marx applied the materialist dialectics to the historical investigation of the French Revolution,and further deepened the materialistic conception of history regarding the historical development of human society.The historical analysis of Louis Bonaparte's coup d'etat made Marx discovered that the historical progress of human society is the unity of advancement and tortuousness,any "historical mystery" is the result of the combined effect of historical chance and inevitability.A scientific prediction of the FebruaryRevolution and a comparison of the two "June Uprisings" show that historical change is the result of the unification of historical selectivity and historical regularity.In contrasting the development paths of France and Germany,Marx found the general law of historical development is not equal to the special development path of each nation.Marx used and developed a series of scientific methodology and principles for the study of history in the historical study of the French Revolution.Through "Thinking from the Back",combining historical retrospective thinking with historical chronological thinking,in his historical analysis of the "Bonaparte Coup",Marx provided us with an example of exploring the law of historical development from the back to the front,which achieve the unity of history and reality.In his analysis of the history of the Second French Republic,Marx added historicism and class analysis of the event itself into the historical picture scroll with event history as the central axis,making the historicist method an important method for his study of the history of the French revolution.At the same time,through the exploration and demonstration of a series of historical facts during the French Revolution,Marx formed the scientific principle and dialectical thinking method of "the unity of history and logic",and put this historical research method through the whole process of the French Revolution history research..How to appraise the masses and their role in history is an important question that the historical materialism needs to answer.In the historical comparison of the conditions for the occurrence of the bourgeois revolution in France and Germany,Marx found the proletariat who is the subject of social change,and through the analysis of the role of the proletariat in the1848 revolution,confirmed that "the masses of people are the creator ofhistory.Through the analysis of Napoleon and his nephew Louis Bonaparte,it is found that historical figures are the products of a specific historical era,and they can have an impact on the development of history,but the role of historical figures cannot be separated from the support of the masses,and they should be scientifically evaluated from the principles of historicism and class analysis.Through a systematic study of the history of the French Revolution,Marx constructed a two-way path of historical investigation of philosophical issues and philosophical research of historical issues,making it possible for the historical research on the French Revolution to interact with the forging of historical materialism.