Research On The Characteristics And Teaching Strategies Of The Rhetorical "Dang+NP Refering To The Personal Component+XP" Structure

In recent years,linguists have paid more and more attention to the interactive perspective of language,and more and more in-depth research has been made on rhetorical sentence patterns,and relatively rich research results have been achieved.In modern Chinese,the structure of rhetorical question “Dang + NP refering to the personal component+XP” is not only used frequently,but also has unique semantic connotation and interactive effect.Based on previous studies and theories of interactive linguistics,this paper takes the structure of rhetorical question “Dang + NP refering to the personal component +XP” as the research object,comprehensively and systematically discusses its semantic connotation,syntactic characteristics,standpoint and interactive function.This paper mainly organizes the content from the aspects of syntax,semantics and pragmatics,and put forward the corresponding teaching strategies.The conclusions are as follows:First,the structural meaning of “Dang + NP refering to the personal component+XP” can be refined into: the speaker’s subjective negative evaluation of the listener’s（or the third party’s）cognition,whose semantic features are strong subjectivity,anticipatory and non-factual.We believe that strong subjectivity runs through the speaker’s utterance,counter-expectation is the motivation of utterance,and non-reality is the means of improving utterance.Second,this structure is composed of constant “Dang” and variable “NP refering to the personal component” and “XP”.Constants of “Dang” against Syria real semantic function,the variable “NP refering to the personal component” most by the first personal pronouns act as（refer to the speaker）,variable “XP” on semantic often have extreme characteristics,the high frequency expression form of verbal components（core verb most characterized by psychological verbs）,followed by a noun and adjective.Third,the rhetorical “Dang + NP refering to the personal component+XP”structure can often co-appear with the personal pronoun “ni”,the critical adverb“zhen”,the modal adverb “nandao”,the modal auxiliary words “ma”,“a” and“ne”,dynamic auxiliary “le”.We believe that the emergence of the personal pronoun“ni” is mainly related to the psychological distance between the speaker and the listener,and the emergence of other co-occurrence components can enhance the effect of emotion and mood.Fourthly,based on the theory of functional linguistics and interactive linguistics,the speaker’s position of this structure is summarized as the expression of negative position.According to the intensity of negative expression,the speaker’s position can be divided into argumentative interaction with weak rank negative position and scolding interaction with strong rank negative position.They can be specifically divided into four conversational forms: “opinion-refutation”,“misunderstanding-defense”,“picking quarrels-reproof” and “resentment-accusation”.Fifthly,the pragmatic function of the structure is classified into cohesion function and auxiliary discourse expression function.In terms of discourse function,textual cohesion is mainly manifested as reference and repetition.In terms of semantic relevance and cohesion with accompanying sentences,the structure is mainly manifested as negation factor,and the accompanying sentences are mainly manifested as argument factor,dissuasion factor and evaluation factor.The meaning of this structure is weak in the context of discourse propositions,and it often appears in discourse as an auxiliary means,which is embodied in catharsis and prostration functions.Sixthly,based on the survey results of questionnaire and interview,this paper analyzes the situation of foreign students’ acquisition of this structure,puts forward teaching strategies and makes corresponding classroom teaching design schemes.