Research On "Dang X" Adverbs In Modern Chinese

The study of subdivision adverbs has always been the hot spot in the micro research of adverbs.Under the trend,this dissertation selects "Dang+X" type of adverbs which often used in modern Chinese language as the object of our research.The "Dang+x" type includes the following eight words:"Dang+ran","Dang+zhen","Dang+ji","Dang+xia","Dang+shi","Dang+chang","Dang+mian" and "Dang+zhong".Based on the theory of three-plane,lexicalization and grammaticalzation,this dissertation gave the "Dung+X" type adverbs a detailed description and analysis,and ranked these eight adverbs according to the scales for membership degree within words.Following conclusions can be drawn in this dissertation:In the diachronic coordinate,"Dang" and "Dang" are cognate words.During the process of sense extension,Dang's meanings of preposition,auxiliary and adverb all promote the formation and development of "Dang+X" type adverbs.Most of the "Dang+X" type adverbs derive from cross-layer structure,internal factors of language,using frequency and psychological factors all play important roles.In the synchronic coordinate,"Dang+X" modal adverbs are flexible in syntactic distribution,"Dang+ran" and "Dang+zhen" are similar in syntactic collocation,semantic orientation and pragmatic function aspects.But the two adverbs belong to different sub-classes,so they have their own characteristics.Short-term temporal adverbs "Dang+ji","Dang+xia" and "Dang+shi" express the past tense,but they also have the characteristics of already state and what shall state,these three adverbs usually co-exist with tense auxiliary "le" "zhe" "qi lai".As a group,"Dang+X"temporal adverbs are very similar in syntax,semantics and pragmatics,only "Dang+shi”has slightly differences.As the professional anterior words for the verbs,"Dang+X”manner adverbs'syntactic positions are relatively fixed,they mainly collocate speech act verbs.The semantic features of "Dang+X" manner adverbs are[+human action,+autonomous,+controllable,+social activities,+treatment methods],the semantic orientation of "Dang+X" manner adverbs is multi-oriented,and the pragmatic function of them is modification.In general,"Dang+mian" is more similar to "Dang+zhong","Dang+chang" is more characteristic.Finally,this dissertation adopts the scales for membership degree within words to verify"Dung+X" adverbs,and finds that there's grade difference in "Dang+X" adverb group,the specific performance is as follows:"Dang+ji" = "Dang+shi">"Dang+chang" = "Dang+mian"="Dang+zhong">"Dang+ran">"Dang+zhen">"Dang+xia".Obviously,"Dang+X" temporal adverbs have the highest rank(large differences in inner-variety),"Dang+X" manner adverbs come next,and "Dang+X”modal adverbs have the lowest level.