Research On Hunan Water Police In The Republic Of China(1912-1937)

In modern China,the social trend of thought changed because of the influence of Europe and America.With the introduction of Western police thought,China began to appear the police system,and gradually refined the water police specialized in water affairs.Hunan,known as the "three Xiang si rivers",has a vast water area and a large number of residents on the water.Coupled with the rampant bandits on the water,the water security needs to be improved.Therefore,the water police of Hunan was established,opening a new chapter for the water police of Hunan.At the beginning of the Republic of China,Hunan marine police was reorganized from the Navy and set up the water area management organization of the whole province.However,in the 1920 s,the warlords in Hunan were engaged in scuffle and financial distress,and in 1927,the water police in Hunan was abolished.After the establishment of Nanjing National Government,due to the lack of a special water management organization,the water security management in Hunan was in chaos.In view of the fact that the boat gangs jointly requested the civil affairs department to restore the water management organization,the water police organization in Hunan was restored.From 1928 to 1937,although the name of the management organization of Hunan marine police was changed and its functions were adjusted,the construction of personnel management and the responsibilities of the marine police was still gradually improved.With the establishment and development of Hunan water police,the selection of water police staff began to transition from field recruitment to police academy recruitment.In order to improve the quality of the marine police,the daily education and short-term training of the marine police should be carried out.At the same time,we should gradually establish a more perfect evaluation and reward and punishment mechanism,so as to evaluate the performance of marine police officers.In the early period of the Republic of China,the responsibilities of Hunan water police were mainly reflected in four aspects: maintaining water security,safeguarding people’s convoy,anti smuggling and managing daily water affairs.By arresting bandits,cracking down on water smuggling crimes,dealing with water extortion and maintaining water traffic,not only the order of water security is maintained,but also the life safety of the people is protected.In addition,Hunan’s aquatic police have made great contributions to the census and household registration and water pollution prevention through organizing the registered residence operators and managing the waters.With the development of the responsibilities of Hunan marine police,the water transportation industry and Commerce in Hunan have developed rapidly.Hunan water police has become an administrative force to maintain water security and social stability in Hunan Province,which promotes the modernization of the water police system.However,during the period of the Republic of China,the country suffered from internal and external troubles,financial distress,and the development of Hunan’s marine police could not get rid of the plight of insufficient funds.Although the overall quality of the marine police officers was gradually improving,there were still a large number of inferior police officers,who were corrupt,violent law enforcement,seriously harming the interests of the people.After the outbreak of the comprehensive anti Japanese War,the water police in Hunan gradually ignored the common affairs in the water area,and the social influence was declining.Only after the founding of new China did the people’s government gradually resume its construction.