Errors In The Acquisition Of Negative Contrastive Sentences By Spanish-speaking Students In South America

"A is no more than B X" and "A has no B X" are two forms of negative contrast sentences in Chinese.In the existing research results,there is no consistent conclusion as to which of the two sentence patterns "A is no more than B X" or "A has no B X" is the negative form of "Bi" sentence.Moreover,there is no unified teaching standard for the teaching of these two structures in TCSL.The research on Chinese negative sentence has been done comprehensively and deeply from the perspective of semantics and pragmatics,but there is still little research on the teaching of negative sentence in TCSL,especially in the Spanish speaking countries.There is still a lack of comprehensive,systematic and targeted research on the error analysis of the two negative forms of contrast sentences,which is worthy of further discussion.A total of 293 errors were obtained by searching the negative contrast corpus from HSK Dynamic Writing Corpus and Jinan University’s Written Corpus and excluding the non-reference data.This paper analyzes the types of errors from three perspectives:syntactic structure,pragmatic function and semantic characteristics,and finds that the causes of errors include language transfer,learners’ learning attitude and motivation,etc.Based on the results of ontological research on negative contrast sentences,a questionnaire was designed and then an online test was conducted among 20 Spanishspeaking students from South America.By analyzing the test results,it is found that the main types of errors in negative comparison sentences acquired by Spanish speaking students in South American countries are "misusing the sentence pattern of negative comparison","the wrong position of negative words" and "the incorrect use of adverbs to modify the comparison results".The main reasons for the errors are negative transfer of mother tongue,avoidance of learning difficulties,teaching materials and teachers’ influence on classroom teaching.In addition,intermediate and advanced Chinese students from Spanish-speaking countries in South America have a good understanding of the grammatical structure of negative contrast sentences,but there are great problems in their application in specific contexts.This is inseparable from the strong contextual dependence of "no sentence" itself,which is usually reflected in the misuse of "no sentence" by students.It is suggested that the language points of the textbook should be reasonably compiled,and the differences of grammar points between languages should be contrastive and simple,and the usage should be summed up in time.In terms of teaching methods,we can adopt such teaching methods as "whole-decomposition method","contrast teaching","grammar point teaching" and "context teaching".