On The Evolution Of Artistic Alienation Theory

The alienation theory of art is an important proposition in the history of Western Marxist literary theory.Its core argument is the relationship between art and ideology,and the possibility of art’s internal criticism of ideology.The theory of art alienation has experienced the development from Bertolt Brecht’s "alienation effect" theory,Louis Pierre Althusser’s "displacement effect" theory to Pierre Macherey’s "centrifugal structure" theory,and it is one of the important achievements of Marxist theory of literature and art in the 20 th century.The theory of "alienation effect" is the great beginning of the theory of alienation in art.Bertolt Brecht’s "Epic Drama" opposes the "resonance" theory and "empathy" theory in traditional drama,and is committed to creating a revolutionary drama model that awakens the viewer’s subjectivity and rationality and guides the audience to make "correct criticism".Bertolt Brecht’s "alienation effect" theory uses Marxist dialectics to clarify the function of artistic distance to arouse the viewer’s rational and critical consciousness,clarify the cognitive-psychological mechanism of artistic revolution effect,and highlight the consciousness of drama art.The critical role of morphology has laid the foundation for the development of the theory of artistic alienation.Louis Pierre Althusser reinterpreted Bertolt Brecht’s theory of "alienation effect" with "displacement effect",and further incorporated "alienation" into the understanding of the universal function of art.Louis Pierre Althusser proposed that art has the characteristic of“making us see”,and he advocated that real art can keep a distance within ideology and make us “feel” the historical reality it implies.The "perceptual quality" of art ensures that it is possible for art to criticize ideology.Pierre Macherey embodied Louis Pierre Althusser’s theory into the field of literary production,discussed and studied the mechanism of literary production in a structuralist approach.He believes that ideology is the raw material of literary production,and its own complexity and the complexity of language practice in the process of literary production promote the generation of the centrifugal structure of literary texts and establish the inherent critical function of art to ideology.Pierre Macherey’s theory of "centrifugal structure" is a mature form of the theory of artistic alienation,and it is also the end of the logical development of this theory.From Bertolt Brecht,Louis Pierre Althusser to Pierre Macherey,the alienation theory of art has shifted from the field of practice to the field of theory,from the effect of specific art practice to the revealing of the ideological critical function of art.This ignores the practicality of the "alienation effect" and makes it essential.This is the drawback of this theory,which is the drawback of this theory.The relationship between art and ideology is complex and unchanging.The possibility of revolutionary art and artistic revolution can only exist in the historical practice of art.Only a combination of theory and history can the discourse of combining theory and practice truly clarify this complex issue.