The Investigation Of Pierre Macherey's Theory Of Literary Production

Along with the development of the market economy, the literature has been commoditised. In the new century, this problem become very rigorous. The literature lost its ability of enlightenment, at the same time, the literature is also never able to express the author's emotion. The literature deeply restricted by market, media and publication, the production property of work become visible. In this situation, critic have recognized the value of the theory of Marxian art production, at the same time, Pierre Macherey gradually receive attention from critic. The introduction of Macherey's theory into china has been about thirty years, but there still have some question need to be resolve. This paper will try to resolve this question by the close reading of the The theory of literary production.In first section, Macherey critiques literary theory in its traditional, avant-garde, and (by implication) most familiar Marxist modes. Macherey argues that empirical approaches, in merely duplicat-ing the text, provide no knowledge of it. More-over, summaries of a literary work, seemingly so innocent, inevitably distort the text by formulating an essential or normative message at which the text is presumed to aim. Not only do empirical approaches, in accepting the work as a finished product, disregard the conjuncture of a complex of historical determinations that produced it, but they overlook the conflicted working that the text itself openly displays.The second section, Macherey proposes that we shift our ground by ceasing to be consumers immersed in the aesthetic illusion of unity and instead come to think of literary works as determinate historical productions. The literary work then appears as multilevelled, as the movement of conflicted intentions revealing the disharmonies that ex-pose an ideology. For Macherey, no literary work is innocent or spontaneous, but neither is it the product of a fully controlled project. Rather, literature is richly overdetermined, the product of conflicts to be worked through, and the uneasy coalescence of diverse determinations. Literary criticism is required to articulate the differentiations by which a work is constituted, what Macherey calls the process of its production.The last section, Macherey argue that literature is never what it appears to be. Instead, a literary work must be reconstructed according to its ideological de-terminations. In traditional Marxist criticism, ideology is considered a false knowledge, op-posed to some truth that is easily ascertained. For Macherey, as for Althusser, ideology can-not be eluded, for no one lives science. Indeed, ideology is understood as an historical force alongside material forces. The peculiar value of literature is that it puts on display, in a determinate representation, the endless stream of discourse that shapes experience. By precipitating this endless stream, the literary work reveals the discontinuities that characterize the ideology of a particular historical moment. Such a theoretical outlook demands an eccentric perspective from which what is normally made invisible by the dogma or aesthetic unity can be compelled to appear.