The Research Of Liang Shuming’s Theory Of “three Directions Of Culture”

Liang Shuming is a famous thinker and social practitioner in modern China.He devoted himself to the elaboration of Chinese culture all his life.In the historical background of the overall Westernization trend of thought,his unique theory of "three directions of culture" was formed with the consciousness-only study,Bergson’s philosophy of life and Confucius’ benevolence as its ideological origin.Through the detailed analysis of Chinese,Western and Indian culture,,it is considered that the "near future" of the world is the revival of Chinese culture.In order to save "not knowing the true spirit of Confucius" of the westerners and the "ignorance and shallowness" of the Chinese people,he establishes the theory of "three periods of culture" in the longitudinal dimension of history,which lays the foundation for maintaining the status and outlet of Chinese culture.Specifically,the theory of "three directions of culture" can be analyzed from three perspectives: cultural psychology,cultural sociology and cultural politics.First,the theory of "three directions of culture" from the perspective of cultural psychology.Based on the different understanding of human psychology before and after,Liang Shuming put forward that desire is the root of culture from the dichotomy of instinct and intellect in the early stage.Through the analysis of desire to determine the three social cultural factors and ideological comparison of China,the West and India,and explained what attitude China should hold.In the later stage,instinct,intellect and reason are divided into three parts.He elaborates the different cultural psychology between China and the West,determines the transformation of the characteristics of Chinese culture from intuition to reason,and from natural humanism to moral humanism,and puts forward that the Chinese national spirit lies in rationality,which lays a theoretical foundation for “Man is born good-natured” and then saving the social crisis.Second,the theory of "three directions of culture" from the perspective of cultural sociology,based on the basic tone of three cultures,through the analysis of the nature and current situation of the social structure of China,western India shows that China’s reason and its culture is premature,and China’s problem lies in the extremely serious cultural imbalance,thus establishing that the way out of China’s society lies in "the old trees sprout new shoots";Third,the theory of "three directions of culture" from the perspective of cultural politics,knowing that "the root of politics lies in culture",Through the analysis of the political system of China,the West and India,to clarify the reason why the political system of Western and India is not feasible in China,to explore the Chinese politics,and then put forward China’s unique political structure: Construct the political system with the ritual culture and constitutional thought.Liang Shuming’s theory of "three directions of culture" takes his understanding of human psychology as the internal theoretical support and makes corresponding exploration on social politics.It can be said that this is a kind of practice from inner sage to outer emperor.The theory of "three directions of culture" highly praises the viewpoint of life and morality in Confucian culture,vitalizes Confucianism,and makes it stand up in the eyes of the academic circles and the world with a positive image,which contributes to the development of New-Confucianism.Although there are some limitations in the theory,such as insufficient logical chain,it still can’t cover up the light of Liang Shuming’s ideological wisdom,which has important practical significance for people to enhance cultural confidence and cultivate independent personality at present.