Study On The Evolution Of Taiwan Academy During Japanese Occupation

After the Sino-Japanese war in 1895,Taiwan was occupied by Japan as a colony for 50 years.In the past 50 years,the whole Taiwan society was under the coercive colonial policy,and the colonists took reform measures to deal with the traditional academies left over from the Qing Dynasty.Under this background,the traditional academies in Taiwan experienced three stages of evolution.In the early days of Japanese occupation,the transformation of academies into Japanese study institutes was the first stage of its evolution.In the early days of Japanese occupation,the colonial government was eager to establish the goal of taking Japanese as the main common language in a short period of time,so as to further utilize the traditional Chinese education mode and transform it into a Japanese study institute with the goal of implementing "urgent cause".Under this objective,the government issued a series of laws and regulations to manage the reformed academies.The teachers of the academies were mainly Japanese,the courses and textbooks were aimed at teaching Japanese,and the students were induced to enroll by taking advantage of the local gentry and the benefits after graduation.However,after the transformation of the academies,there are two problems: the public’s disapproval and resistance,and the lack of funds for the academies after the transformation,which makes it difficult for the academies to operate and face another transformation.The second stage of evolution was the issue of Taiwan Public Schools Order in 1898,which clearly stipulated that Japanese study institutes were gradually transformed into public schools.From 1898 to 1941,academies underwent the second forced transformation,which lasted for a long time,in order to achieve the so-called "permanent cause" of the colonial government.In other words,the teachers and officials trained by the academies after the first stage of transformation carried out a wider range of colonial education.After the second transformation,the colonial education and differential education of academies became stronger.During this period,the contradiction between the Taiwan people and the colonists was fierce.After the transformation,the academies entered the third stage of transformation.In the third stage of evolution,academies were transformed into temples on their own initiative.Local scholars protected academies by taking advantage of the regulations of the governor’s office on "protecting palace temples and temples" and registered academies as "sacrificial industries",which were preserved in the forms of family ancestral halls,Confucius temples,Wenchang temples,temples and luan temples.Therefore,to some extent,part of the academy culture during the Japanese occupation period was effectively retained and did not disappear completely.However,the operating mode,training purpose and teaching content of the retained academies have all changed.In the first two evolution stages of the academy,the Japanese colonists from beginning to end to the colonial education system of"emergency" "permanent career throughout the first two stages,which leads to the transformation of the traditional academy,to bring intense game between the colonial culture and Confucian culture,academy transformation and the decline of Confucianism and other negative consequences.In the third stage of evolution,the academy actively transformed into the ancestral temple,which effectively preserved part of the academy culture,but the educational function of the academy has almost completely lost.