| The category of function-purpose is an important semantic category of human language expression.Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yong-zai in Chinese is a group of common forms with near meaning of this semantic category.Through the combination of synchronic comparison and diachronic study,this paper investigates and analyzes the synchronic differences and diachronic evolution of Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yong-zai.The text is divided into five parts.The first part mainly introduces the purpose and significance of the topic,the present research situation,the research content,the research methods and the innovation of this paper.The second part analyzes the similarities and differences at synchronic level between Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yong-zai in semantics,usage and stylistic preference.In modern Chinese,the general commonality of Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yong-zai is that they can all be co-occur in patientive-prepositional sentences,disposal construction and passive sentences,and all have corresponding attributive clauses.The overall differences are as follows.Firstly,they have different semantic content,Yong-lai and Yong-yi,have both meanings of purpose and function,Yong-yu and Yong-zai mainly convey meaning of function.Secondly,they are different in the syntactic conditions and part of speech of the latter component.Lastly,Yong-lai has its cross-layer form of Yong NP Lai VP,but the other three forms do not.The differences in the group of Yong-lai,Yong-yi and the group of Yong-yu,Yong-zai are as follows the group of Yong-lai,Yong-yi is mainly different in stylistic preference;the group of Yong-yu,Yong-zai not only have different stylistic preference,but also have difference in use frequency of both relative attributive clause and subsequent orientation phrases.The third part describes the process of lexicalization by using the Lexicalization Theory.In the process of lexicalization,Yong-lai first appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty,and patientive-prepositional sentence appeared in the Ming Dynasty,and the disposal construction was first seen in the Qing Dynasty,and the above-mentioned usage matured in the period of the Republic of China and meanwhile attributive clause emerged.Yong-yi and Yong-yu are related to the disappearance of their own Cross-layer form..Yong-yi first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty,the Six Dynasties occurred patientive-prepositional sentences,and in the period of the Republic of China it appeared disposal sentences and attributive clauses.Yong-yu first appeared in the Warring States,in the Western Han Dynasty,its patientive-prepositional sentences formed,in the Sui and Tang dynasties it developed the usage of subsequent predicate phrases,in the Song Dynasty the usage of subsequent orientation phrases emerged,and in the early Republic of China,Yong-yu developed into a word.Yong-zai in the Song Dynasty convey the meaning of be used in,and the subsequent phrases included the semantic case of object,scope,location,and time,and orientation phrases,and the usage of patientive-prepositional sentences,disposal construction,attributive clauses and subsequent predicate phrases developed during Yuan Dynasty to the early Republic of China,and the usage of Yong-zai-le appeared,in modern Chinese.The fourth part expounds the motivation and mechanism of the lexicalizat ion of Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yong-zai.Yong-lai,Yong-yi,Yong-yu and Yo ng-zai,Yong-lai and Yong-yi mainly involve pragmatic needs and object fronting.Yong-yu and Yong-zai are affected by the establishment of verb-complement st ructure,preposition incorporation and reanalysis.High-frequency usage and the chunking in cognitive psychology also play an important role.The fifth part summarizes the main viewpoints of this paper and points out the shortcomings. |
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