The Study Of Chinese Clausal-object Construction

The sentence pattern of clausal-object is a common language phenomenon in modern Chinese.Based on the theory of construction grammar,this article defines the clause-object construction as a sentence-type construction,and draws on the theoretical framework of the construction grammar.The extension mechanism,the characteristics of the construction meaning of the clausal-object construction,the interactive relationship between the verb and the construction meaning,and the motivation of the clausal-object construction.There are some new discoveries were obtained.This article introduces the theory of empty categories theory to define the scope of clausal-object sentences.It clearly points out that the definition of clausal-object sentences should not only consider the completeness of the surface structure,but also analyze the characteristics of the semantic level.On the basis of previous studies describing the empty N2 phenomenon,two types of N1 empty and no empty positions are added according to the different positions of empty categories.It is found that when N1 and N2 refer to the same semantics,empty genres are more likely to appear in clausal-object sentences.In some clausal-object sentences where the structure of N1 and V1 is relatively solid or the semantics of N1 and N2 needs to be clear,N1 and N2 are usually mandatory.This paper divides the clausal-object construction into three semantic roles:controller role,control method and external affairs or states.Using the research method of corpus linguistics,the usage statistics are carried out.The typical semantic role of each semantic role is determined through statistical data.Using the relevant knowledge of the extension mechanism to explain the extension principles and expansion paths of each semantic role.Among them,the typical form of the role of controller refers to human nouns or nominal phrases.The atypical controller role acquires the thinking and behavioral abilities of the typical form through metonymy and metaphorical extension mechanisms,and enters the clause object construction to become the controller role.The typical form of control method is a verb that expresses mental activity,frequency of use.The least is the body sensory control method;the external affairs or states are divided into SVO type,zero role subject and SVP type according to the structure type.From the frequency of use,the typical form of the external affairs or states is the subject-predicate clause of the SVO type,with zero role Subject and SVP type external events are used significantly less frequently than SVO type external events.The subject-predicate structure of SVO type,SVP type and zero-role subject presents a gradual weakening process in semantic dynamics.We use statistical charts to sort out the corpus data and find that the external events guided by various control methods have different manifestations in the dynamic characteristics of semantics:mental activity control methods are more inclined to guide static event concepts,and verbal control methods.It is more inclined to guide the external affairs with strong dynamic characteristics.The body sensory control method has no obvious tendency in the dynamic characteristics of the event,but in general,the external affairs with "dynamic" tend to reduce the frequency of use.As three-quarters of the total corpus,"dynamic" is still the main feature of external affairs.This article summarizes the central meaning of the clausal-object construction as "the controller controls an external state of affairs in a certain way",and demonstrates that the meaning of "control" contained in the clausal-object construction does not come from every aspect of the clausal-object construction.A verb,but brought by the construction itself.The limitation of verb meaning on the semantic characteristics of external affairs is not only reflected in the strength of dynamics,but also in the subject and tense characteristics of external affairs or states: the external affairs or states guided by the body sensory control method and the verbal control method are in the semantics.In most cases above,it points to the outside world instead of itself,and the mental activity type can point to both the outside world and itself;the body sensory control method controls the existing external affairs or states,the willing control method controls the unexplained external affairs,cognitive type And emotional control methods are not restricted by what is already and what is not before.In addition,from the perspective of the relationship between verb meaning and construction meaning,we believe that the type of event represented by the verb in the clausal-object construction is the way in which the type of event represented by the clausal-object construction.This article also analyzes the reasons for the formation of clausal-object constructions from the perspectives of syntax,semantics and pragmatics: From the perspective of syntactic features,clausal-object constructions are not unique to Chinese,and their manifestations are restricted by modern Chinese word order types.In addition,the external affairs or states of the clausal-object construction is acted by the subject-predicate sentence.When entering the clausal-object construction,the subject-predicate sentence can only be reduced to a clause and act as a semantic role in the construction.The sentence-object construction has two levels at the syntactic level.From a semantic point of view,a complete external affairs or states cannot be expressed in a single word or phrase in our language communication,so the external affairs or states in the clausal-object construction can only appear in the form of a small sentence,otherwise it cannot satisfy the semantic requirements of the construction.In addition,this article also uses anthropocentrism and the subjectivization of language to explain the formation of clausal-object construction meaning: the cognition of clausal-object construction is centered on "person",which fully expresses the "person" through a certain Ways to control the process of external events.Subjectivization expands the range that the clausal-object construction can express,makes the clausal-object construction possess subjective characteristics,and produces the controlling meaning at the thinking and psychological level.From a pragmatic point of view,the formation of clausal-object construction is affected by the principle of language economy.The two syntactic structures are combined into one,the number of sentences is reduced and the sentence capacity is expanded.Under the influence of the economic principle of language and the focus of the object,the subject-predicate clause has become the best object form for carrying more complex semantic information,and it is also the best form for expressing external affairs.