The Relationship Between Future Time Perspective And Student Engagement:The Mediating Effect Of Time Management Disposition And Its Intervention

The main task of teenagers is to complete their studies.Previous studies have shown that learning engagement is an indicator to measure students’ learning quality and can positively predict students’ academic performance.Learning engagement refers to an individual’s abundant energy and good mental toughness in the learning process,a positive emotional cognition and state related to learning.Previous studies have found that future time insight is related to learning engagement.Future time insight refers to the individual’s thinking and imagination of future time,which includes three factors of individual cognition,emotion and behavioral tendency.Time management tendency refers to how individuals use their time and their confidence in time management.Thinking about the future will affect individuals’arrangement and use of the present time,and how well teenagers manage their present time has a significant impact on their own learning engagement.Therefore,this paper explores the relationship between future time insight,time management tendency and learning engagement,and to conduct intervention research.In the first study,709 Tibetan and Han adolescents from three middle schools in Wuhan were surveyed by using the"adolescent future time perspective scale","time management disposition scale",and "student engagement scale",to understand the current situation,characteristics and relationship of Tibetan and Han teenagers in terms of future time insight,time management tendency and learning engagement,and to explore the influence mechanism of Tibetan and Han adolescents’ time management tendency on the relationship between future time insight and learning engagement.The second study carried out group tutoring with time management as the theme based on the first study.It explored the effect of time management on learning engagement through group tutoring intervention.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are ethnic differences among Tibetan and Han teenagers in the future time insight,time management tendency and learning engagement.There are gender differences in future confusion among the Han adolescents,and differences in future time perception and time management tendency among the Han teenagers whether they are only children or not.There are grade differences in the time management tendency and learning engagement of Tibetan teenage.(2)There is a pair correlation between the Tibetan adolescents’ future time insight,time management tendency and learning engagement.In addition to the insignificant correlation between time value and future negativity and future confusion,other dimensions also have pair correlation.(3)The relationship between future time insight and learning engagement was completely mediated by time management tendency of Tibetan adolescents.The relationship between future time insight and learning engagement was completely or partially mediated by time value perception,time monitoring view and time efficacy of Tibetan adolescents.The effect of time management orientation and its sub-dimensions on the relationship between future time insight and learning engagement is completely or partially mediated.(4)Group tutoring with time management as the theme for Tibetan high school students is helpful to improve the time management level of Tibetan teenagers and increase their investment in learning.This study reveals that there may be different mechanisms between time management tendency of Tibetan and Han adolescents and the relationship between future time insight and learning engagement,and provides a set of feasible schemes for intervention of time management tendency of Tibetan adolescents.