Research On The Socialist Transformation Of Private Business In Wenzhou (1949-1956)

Wenzhou,as the economic center of southern Zhejiang,has been relatively prosperous in commerce since ancient times and has a long history of chamber of commerce.At the beginning of liberation,the price of goods in Wenzhou skyrocketed,the inflation was serious,the economic order was in disorder,the private businessmen were worried,and the old chamber of commerce could no longer adapt to the development of the new situation,so it was urgent to transform the private business.In view of this,under the background of the initial consolidation of the people’s power,the Communist Party of China began to transform the private business and industrial and commercial organizations to meet the needs of the new socialist government.Following the national policy,Wenzhou carried out socialist transformation of private commerce from three aspects:organization,industry and ideology.Therefore,this transformation can be regarded as a profound social and economic transformation,and also as a great change in the field of ideology.After the establishment of the new China,the Communist Party of China rectify and reorganize the old Yongjia County Chamber of Commerce and Trade Association,on this basis,the Wenzhou City Federation of Industry and Commerce was established.Through the "five anti" movement,Wenzhou eliminated the backward members of the federation of industry and commerce cadres,and replaced them with more easily controlled small and medium-sized industrialists,thus realizing the "power reshuffling".With the promulgation of the general line in the transitional period,Wenzhou intervened and reformed the system of industrial and commercial association more thoroughly,and gradually perfected its functions,so that it completely evolved from the modern merchant autonomous organization to the united front organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and its "independence" completely disappeared.In order to restore and develop the social economy,the Wenzhou government began to support and rectify the private business,crack down on financial and commercial speculation,and set off the upsurge of material exchange between urban and rural areas through two commercial adjustment policies,and revitalized the market.In September 1953,the central government issued the general route for the transition period,and the socialist transformation of Wenzhou City entered a new stage.The private business experienced a rapid change from the primary to the advanced form of state capitalism,and finally realized the profound reform of the ownership of the means of production.In this process,the compulsory implementation of the state will is closely related to the conflict between private businessmen and the corresponding changes of market operation,which also affects the adjustment and change of reform policies.As one of the "dual transformation" of socialism,private businessmen and their families face the sudden change of political ecology and the tremendous impact of values,they show more contradictions,panic and helpless complex psychology.With the ideological tremors brought about by the "Five Counter" Movement,most private businessmen are sobering that confrontation with the Communist Party is doomed to failure and dare not oppose or resist the policy openly.And the education and social practice of the general line in the transitional period made them understand that only by actively working with the reform could they have a bright future,so most of them either actively or passively engaged in the socialist reform.In short,in the whole process of socialist transformation of private business,Wenzhou has realized the double reform of people and enterprises by reconstructing the system of industrial and commercial association,changing the relations of production and reshaping the ideology.However,due to the guiding ideology to rush,renovation work too fast and some rough blindly,causing the reform inevitably produced some thought-provoking deficiencies,such as increasing individual industry management difficulties,affect the market supply,cause social and economic structure of a single abnormal phenomenon such as working with private and public relations.