A Study On The Flow Of Personnel In The Grass-roots Organizations In Linxiang County Of The Eastern Han Dynasty

In the Eastern Han Dynasty,Changsha County was a place of frequent mobility of people.The types of population movement seen in Wuyi Square include refugees,Ke(客)and fugitive.The refugees and Ke(客)can leave the original household registration and declare the household registration locally in Linxiang.The area of fugitive absconding is not large,mostly choose in the nearby mountains or in the counties near Linxiang.This is due to the government’s flexible policy of amnesty,which allows the dead to return to their normal lives by means of penance edicts or frequent pardons.There is a lot of movement of people in these regional organizations.Migrants who leave their home villages make a living in a variety of ways.Some choose“Tianzuo(田作)”on another man’s land.Some people chose to do business.Some folk"She(舍)"played an important role in providing a place for the hard-working merchants to rest,store goods and trade goods.There are also people engaged in Dai(代者),Chuanshi(船师)and other commissions to meet the needs of social development.Influenced by the Confucian thoughts of"kinship"and"filial piety and fraternity",the Han people’s families have strong thoughts,and there are certain legal responsibilities among family members.Therefore,there is a prominent feature of the movement of civil personnel in the whole family.One of the salient characteristics of folk population movement is that the whole family moves together.The slippage of Wuyi Square shows that there were “Xiang(乡)”,“Ting(亭)”,“li(里)”,and “Qiu(丘)” in linxiang area of the eastern han dynasty.The people live in these grass-roots organizations,and the state controls the people through these grass-roots regional organizations.There are 13 “Xiang(乡)” in the Wuyi Square slip can be basically identified as the “Xiang(乡)” of linxiang county.Linxiang area of the “Ting(亭)” set up complete,both the security of the “Ting(亭)”,and the post “Ting(亭)”.“Ting(亭)” were set up in the city,at the city gates and in the market places.The proportion of the number of “Xiang(乡)” and “Ting(亭)” is consistent with historical records and other unearthed documents.We can see the 15 “li(里)” of the Linxiang area,which respectively belong to Du Xiang,Nan Xiang,Zhong Xiang,Guang-urban-rural and Xiao Wuling Township.22 “Qiu(丘)” can be seen in the Wuyi Square.“Ting(亭)” and “Qiu(丘)” connected refers to the “Qiu(丘)” in the geographical scope of the “Ting(亭)”.The government encourages people to apply for hukou.The May Day brief shows that a large number of non-local people apply for hukou locally in Changsha.There are many similarities about “li(里)”,and “Qiu(丘)”,they are residential areas,farming areas,in the geographical distribution is not to distinguish.But “Qiu(丘)” see no household registration function,people have to declare their household registration in the “li(里)”.These floating population is a deviation from the ruling order of"Bian Hu Qi Min(编户齐民)".Linxiang County in the traffic line set up a certain number of“Jin(津)”,“Sai(塞)”,“Guan(关)”.This is the point to manage the flow of personnel,the“Ting(亭)”is the plane to manageme the flow of personnel。Point,line,plane combined to build a management of personnel flow,maintain social stability of the safety net.In the slips,there were“Xiajin(下津)”,“Xijin(西津)”,“Dongjin(东津)”,and“Weikousai”.The name of Guan was not seen,but there was a real Pass.The officials and the people need to have a pass to pass through the customs.There are two kinds of customs clearance documents in the Wuyi Square slips.As in other areas,the“Ting(亭)”in Linxiang provide accommodation for passers-by.“Li Ting(亭)”have played a role in monitoring and ensuring the safety of migrants.For the illegal persons on the move,Managers of the“Ting(亭)”will go out to arrest and escort them back to their places of origin.