Althusser’s Theory Of Epistemological Fracture

Louis Althusser,a famous French philosopher,put forward the epistemological fracture theory in the 1960 s,which still has important research value.This paper studies the theory,which is divided into five parts to discuss Althusser’s epistemological fracture theory.The first part of the introduction is mainly to analyze the reason and significance of the topic,and the research status of related issues at home and abroad.Most of the domestic scholars focus on the demonstration of whether there is “epistemological fracture”.The research on this theory abroad is earlier than that at home and abroad.There are many research results of British and American scholars and many theoretical views are worth our reference.The second part analyzes the time background and theoretical source of Althusser’s epistemological fracture theory.After the end of the Second World War,there appeared a political situation in the socialist countries with the Soviet Union as the core.At this time,the Soviet Union carried out the autocratic and rigid ideological system,and the philosophical circle was in turmoil.In this chaotic situation,the humanitarian Marxist thought prevailed.Some anti Communists attacked the whole Marxism by using the early Marxist theory,accompanied by the structuralism in France Under the influence of psychoanalysis,new epistemology of Bachelard and Frankfurt school,Althusser began to study Marx’s works in a new way of reading and put forward the theory of epistemological fracture.The third part analyzes the content of Althusser’s “epistemological fracture” from a macro point of view,points out the location and basis of Althusser’s epistemological fracture.Althusser’s ideology theory inherits Marx’s ideology theory.At the same time,this theory makes a comparative study of science and ideology,highlights the opposition between them,and makes a special study of ideology Explain.The fourth part starts from Althusser’s theory anti-humanitarianism and finds the internal connection between the theory of “episteomological fracture” and“theoretical anti-humanitarianism”.The fundamental transition from the “ideology” to the“science” stage.The fifth part makes an overall evaluation of Althusser’s "episteomological fracture theory" and affirms the progressive significance of Althusser’s "episteomological fracture theory".Althusser defended Marxism in his own time,and put forward his own opinions on Marxism.He used "fracture" to explain the difference between Marx’s early thought and mature thought,and thought that Marx’s thought experienced the transformation from humanitarian ideology to science.Althusser takes "epistemological fracture" as the theoretical basis,in order to defend the scientificity of Marxism and try to restore the original face of Marxism.However,due to the influence of the times or the limitations of Althusser’s own thoughts,his understanding of Marx and Marxism was biased.The "fracture theory" did not see the consistency and scientificalness of Marxism,too much respected ideology,ignored the subjective initiative and so on.Philosophy is the quintessence of the times.Any kind of thinking is indispensable to its influence.Althusser has the courage to innovate and the guardian spirit of Marxism is worth learning from today.Althusser insisted on scientific interpretation of Marxism.Although his “epistemological fracture” theory split the continuity between young Marx and mature Marx,its pursuit and discussion of truth also provide us with a unique interpretation method and research thinking of Marxist historical theory.