The Study Of Landscape Water Management In Tang Dynasty From The Perspective Of Chinese Landscape Culture

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the development of China’s landscape culture.The theory of artificial engineering construction emphasizing " borrowing nature" in the landscape culture deeply influenced the landscape construction activities in the Tang Dynasty,making the landscape in the Tang Dynasty show the characteristics of "mountains help water,the simplicity,and it is appropriate to be open and elegant".Tang Dynasty gardens paid special attention to the attachment and utilization of natural living water.Basically,the construction of gardens requires the diversion of water and the construction of ponds.At that time,it can be said that " spring pools dominate and are full of rivers and lands".The quantity and type of pond water in gardens are beyond the reach of other dynasties.It can be seen that " water-designing " is the essence and top priority of garden construction in Tang Dynasty,and it is necessary to conduct in-depth research.Therefore,the study of landscape water-designing in Tang Dynasty from the perspective of Chinese landscape culture,on the one hand,can supplement the theory of Chinese landscape culture and the basic research of landscape water-designing in early China,on the other hand,it is also an important way to help us find cultural confience and consciousness.First of all,this paper takes the theory of Chinese landscape culture as the research perspective,takes the two capital cities of Tang Dynasty as the space-time background,and takes the garden " water-designing " as the research object,sorts out the relevant basic theories and ancient books of Chinese landscape culture and garden water-designing.Secondly,from the perspective of Chinese landscape culture,the space of water-designing in Tang Dynasty gardens is composed of landscape space,water space and inter-water space.Tang Dynasty gardens are divided into four types: country forest pool,detached palace garden,palace garden pool garden and private garden.Two cases are selected for each type,and the characteristics of water-designing in Tang Dynasty gardens are summarized through analysis of landscape space pattern,water space layout and interwater space composition.Finally,through further combing of ancient books and documents,this paper summarizes the construction methods of landscape waterdesigning in Tang Dynasty from the perspective of Chinese landscape culture in the aspects of land and water source,water body construction,landscape elements construction and tour view,and puts forward the enlightenment to contemporary landscape water-designing.The research conclusion of this paper has the following three points: First,the characteristics:(1)because of the nature’s simplicity,(2)finding the source first,guiding and arranging orderly,(3)rich water state,convenient and open environment,(4)public opening,traveling by water and swallow;Second,Methods:(1)finding the land and water sources: finding the land(urban land,countryside land,mountain forest land,river and lake land),water sources(natural rivers and lakes,artificial canals,mountain streams and springs waterfalls,groundwater)(2)Construction of " water stop" :water surface layout(centralized,decentralized,surrounding type),chiseled ponds and plastic banks(rammed soil gentle slope,sand and gravel shoals,brick revetment,vegetation covered bank),planting Island(Stone Island,plants Island,several small Islands),water diversion ponds(river and canal water diversion,mountain spring water diversion)(3)Construction of " moving water" : springs(sparse and diversion),waterfalls(natural scenery and artificial construction),streams(turbulent flow and slow flow),beaches(scattered stones in shallow water,sliding,flowing and jumping waves)(4)Construction of scenic elements in the water: planting beautiful trees on the edge(in water and in the water),creating buildings through bridges(bridges and buildings)(5)View of water: " stop water"(sitting and lying on the horizontal,traveling and looking around,overlooking high,feasting on boats and boats)," moving water"(viewing its potential,listening to its sound,playing with its water,winding water flowing);Third,the enlightenment of thoughts and methods to contemporary landscape water-designing:(1)the revelation to the display and interpretation of water bodies in garden sites in Tang dynasty: the multi-dimensional integration of water bodies in garden sites in Tang dynasty according to the spatial pattern of landscape in Tang dynasty,the expression of historical scenes and activities related to water in the view of landscape sites;(2)the revelation to contemporary landscape water-designing in space: the emphasis on the location of sites in combination with topography and hydrology,the emphasis on the use of surface water in water-designing to form connectivity,the expression of Chinese culture in the construction of waterscape,and the enrichment of the expression of natural revetment to increase hydrophilicity.