The Study Of Giving Verb Yu~3(与) And Its Double Object Sentence

With the help of the representative corpus from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,this paper made detailed study on the meaning and structure of the verb“Yu³”,discussed the process and reasons of the evolution and vacuity of the meaning of the verb“Yu³”,outlined the development of the structure of“Yu³”in each period,summarized the diachronic evolution characteristics of the structure of“Yu³”,and analyzed the characteristics of the double object structure of“Yu³”in typology by using the six parameters,such as passivization,relativization and constituent questions.The text is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,explained the basis of the topic and the significance of the topic,introduced the research status of giving the verb“Yu³”,and expounded the research content,innovation,research methods and corpus sources of this paper.The second chapter discussed the origin and evolution of the recipient marker,the benefactive marker,causative and passive meanings of the verb“Yu³”.The study found that the four uses of“Yu³”are derived from its giving “V₁+DO+Yu³+IO”,and V₁ belong to“give class,speech class and indicator class”verbs,the action of“Yu³”is weakened by the main verb,thus becoming the preposition of introducing the recipient.When the“DO”in the two-object structure“Yu³+IO+DO”change from a reference noun to an action behavior,it no longer means the actual giving behavior,but represents a certain action behavior issued by someone,and then weakens as a preposition for introducing beneficiaries.When“Yu³”appear in the structure“Yu³+NP_人+VP”and the VP expressed the action behavior of the NP automatically,the VP prove to be the semantic focus of the sentence,the relationship between“Yu³”and“NP人+VP”is highlighted,and becomes the foreground information,and the causative meaning of“Yu³”comes into being.But when the subject is the object of action of the sentence and the act of action is unexpected to the speaker,the passive relationship between the subject and the VP becomes foreground information,and the former causative behavior will be weakened into background information.Under the restriction of this semantic relation,the causative verb“Yu³”is transformed into a passive marker.The third chapter examined the development of the double object structure of the word“Yu³”from the pre-qin dynasty to the qing dynasty,described and analyzed the four double object sentence patterns and the double object language in detail,and summarized its diachronic evolution characteristics on this basis.We found that giving verbs“Yu³”mainly formed three kingds of double-object expressions,which is“Yu³+IO+DO”“Yi³+DO+Yu³+IO”and“V+Yu³+IO+DO”,in the pre-Qin period.Under the influence of complex predicates,a new sentence pattern“V+IO+Yu³+DO”was developed straight in the Western Han Dynasty.During the five dynasties of the Tang Dynasty,the emergence of the disposition type“Jiang¹+DO+Yu³+IO”caused the use case of“Yi³+DO+Yu³+IO”began to decline and were replaced by the Song Dynasty.All of the above four sentence patterns can add a predicate element at the back of the structure to form a subject predicate relationship with the indirect object in front.However,only a verb phrase can be inserted into the“disposition”as the antecedent action of the verb“Yu³”,and to form a connected predicate relationship with the“Yu³”and to form a connected predicate sentence finally.The semantic and grammatical forms of the double object of“Yu³”are becoming more and more complicated in the process of evolution.After the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the elements like animals,location and authority,which do not have the semantic characteristics of[+narrator],can also be used as the indirect object through the metaphorical mechanism of personification.After the Tang Dynasty,abstract concepts like emotion,discourse,question can also be used as the direct object,and occured the directional transfer like concrete things under the action of verb“Yu³”.In the fourth chapter,the text mainly discussed the syntactic features of“Yu”in typology by using the six parameters,such as passivization,reflexivization and quantifier-variable relationships in the context of double transitive configuration.It is found that the function of the recipient tends to be passivization and reflexivization,while the function of the theme tends to be antipassivization.The way of antipassivization of the double-object sentence of“Yu”belongs to the sequence of“direct object type”,the way of passivization and reflexivization belongs to the sequence of main object type,and the way of constituent questions and relativization and quantifier relationships belongs to the sequence of neutral type.Therefore,the textthought that the double-object sentence of“Yu”belongs to the linear sequence of mixed type.But in the historical period of the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,the recipient is more consistent with the Patient in the syntactic performance,and it is also more closely related to the verb“Yu”.Chapter five is the conclusion,briefly expounded the research results of this paper,and summarized the shortcomings of the research and the prospects for the future.