A Preliminary Study On The Application Value Of Conventional Ultrasound Combined With VTIQ In Normal Testis And Unilateral Palpable Cryptorchidism In Children

PART ONE:A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE APPLICATION VALUE OF CONVENTIONAL ULTRASOUND COMBINED WITH VTIQ TECHNIQUE IN NORMAL TESTIS OF CHILDRENObjective:To evaluate the changes of normal testicular volume and tissue elasticity in children at different growth stages by conventional ultrasound combined with Virtual Touch Tissues Imaging Quantification technology,and to analyze the related influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis,treatment and follow-up monitoring of other testicular diseases.Methods:Screening of 326 healthy children(652 testicles in total)who underwent testicular ultrasound examination at Handan Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020.According to the age of children,the study subjects can be divided into six groups,51 in the neonatal group(0-28 days),55 in the infant group(≥29 days～<1 year old),and 52 in the infant group(≥1～<3 years old).First,57 in the preschool group(≥3～<6 years old),56 in the school age group(≥6～<10 years old),and 55 in the adolescent group(≥10～<18 years old).Routine ultrasound and VTIQ technical examinations were performed on the testicles.Use two-dimensional ultrasound to measure the upper and lower diameter,anteroposterior diameter and left-right diameter of the testis to calculate the testicular volume;compare the differences in testicular volume of different sides and different ages;measure the elastic modulus values of the upper,middle and lower parts of the testis on the largest longitudinal section of the testis;Compare the difference of the testicular elastic modulus value of different side,different age,different sampling site.The corresponding statistical methods were used for statistical analysis,and the difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.Results:1.There was no statistically significant difference in testicular volume and corresponding regional elastic modulus among different sides of healthy children in each age group(P>0.05);2.Testicular volume and corresponding regional elasticity among healthy children in different age groups The difference in modulus values was statistically significant(P<0.05);3.The difference in elastic modulus values between different sampling locations of the testis of healthy children was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.Testicular volume increases with age,especially after 10 years of age,it increases rapidly;2.Testicular elastic modulus of healthy children decreases with age before 10 years of age,and testicular elastic modulus after 10 years of age The amount increases with age;3.The testis presents a distribution characteristic that the hardness of the central area is less than the hardness of the upper and lower areas.4.The normal reference range of testicular volume and elastic modulus of healthy children of different ages has been established.The reference range of the normal value in this study can be used as a preliminary reference standard for the domestic VTIQ technology to measure the normal value of the testis in children.5.VTIQ technology can quantitatively analyze the hardness changes of testicular tissues.It is an important supplementary examination of conventional two-dimensional ultrasound and has good application prospects.PART TWO:A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE APPLICATION VALUE OF CONVENTIONAL ULTRASOUND COMBINED WITH VTIQ TECHNIQUE IN UNILATERAL PALPABLE CRYPTORCHIDISM IN CHILDRENOBJECTIVE:The use of conventional ultrasound combined with VTIQ technology to quantitatively evaluate the changes in the volume and tissue elasticity of the affected and uninfected side of children with unilateral cryptorchidism,and to explore the application value of conventional ultrasound combined with VTIQ technology in the evaluation of unilateral cryptorchidism testicular tissue lesions.Methods:A collection of 46 children with unilateral palpable cryptorchidism diagnosed in Handan Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020(a total of 92 testicles:46 on the affected side and 46 on the contralateral testicle;)Included in the study,and selected the first part of 154 normal children(308 testes in total)at the same age as the control.The testes included in this study were divided into three groups:normal children’s testis group(group A);children’s healthy side testis group(B group);children’s affected side testis group(C group);each group was divided according to age Infancy(1),early childhood(2),preschool(3);use two-dimensional ultrasound to measure the long diameter,anteroposterior diameter,and left-right diameter of the testis to calculate the testicular volume;use the VTIQ technology to measure the upper part of the testis on the largest longitudinal section of the testis,The elastic modulus values of the middle and lower regions;analyze and compare the difference in testicular volume and the corresponding regional elastic modulus values among the healthy testis group,the affected testis group,and the normal child testis group of children of different ages;compare the affected testis group The difference in testicular volume and the difference ratio of elastic modulus in the corresponding area between different age groups;compare the difference in testicular volume and elastic modulus value in the corresponding area when the testis on the affected side is located in different parts;apply corresponding statistical methods for statistical analysis,The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.Results:1.Comparison of testicular volume among normal children of the same age group,the healthy side testis group,and the affected side testis group of children:(1)There was no significant difference in testicular volume between group A1 and group B1,group A2 and group B2,group A3 and group B3(P>0.05);(2)The difference between A1 group and C1 group was not statistically significant(P>0.05),and the difference between A2 group and C2 group,A3 group and C3 group was statistically significant(P<0.05);(3)The difference between group B1 and group C1 was not statistically significant(P>0.05),and the difference between group B2 and group C2,group B3 and group C3 was statistically significant(P<0.05);2.Comparison of the elastic modulus value of the testis corresponding area between the testis group of normal children,the healthy side testis group of the child,and the affected side testis group of the child at the same age:(1)A1 group and B1 group,A2 and B2 group,A3 There was no statistically significant difference in the elastic modulus values of the testis corresponding area between the group and B3 group(P>0.05);(2)The testis corresponding area between the A1 group and the C1 group,the A2 group and the C2 group,and the A3 group and the C3 group The difference in elastic modulus is statistically significant(P<0.05);(3)There are statistical differences in the elastic modulus of the testis corresponding area between the B1 group and the C1 group,the B2 group and the C2 group,the B3 group and the C3 group Significance(P<0.05);3.Comparison of the difference ratio between the testicular volume of the affected testis group and the elastic modulus of the corresponding area among different age groups:(1)C1 volume difference ratio<C2 volume difference ratio<C3 volume difference ratio,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)C1 elastic modulus difference ratio<C2 elastic modulus difference ratio<C3 elastic modulus difference ratio,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).4.Comparison of the volume of the testis on the affected side and the elastic modulus value of the corresponding area:(1)The testicular volume of the affected side located near the inner ring of the inguinal canal was significantly smaller than that of the affected side located near the outer ring of the inguinal canal,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The elastic modulus of the testicular tissue of the affected side located near the inner ring of the inguinal canal was significantly higher than that of the testicular tissue of the affected side located near the outer ring of the inguinal canal,and the difference was statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:1.The volume of the affected side testis of the child with unilateral palpable cryptorchidism is smaller than the volume of the healthy side testis of the child and the testis of the normal child;the elastic modulus value of the corresponding area of the affected side testis of the child is greater than the elasticity of the corresponding area of the healthy side testis of the child and the testis of the normal child Modulus value;2.With age,the child’s affected side testis develops retardation and the elastic modulus value increases;3.When the child’s affected side testis is located near the inner ring side of the inguinal canal,the volume of the testis decreases when it is closer to the outer ring side The elastic modulus increases;4.The testicular elastic modulus value can be used to monitor the testicular tissue changes before the testicular volume changes.5.Using VTIQ technology to quantitatively measure the elastic modulus value of the testis of children with unilateral cryptorchidism,which can quantitatively evaluate the pathological changes and the degree of pathological changes in the testis of children with unilateral cryptorchidism.