The Comparative Study On The Immune Function Of People Settled On The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau And Low-Altitude Areas

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a very special geographical location and the natural environment.It has extreme environmental factors include hypoxia,high cold,strong radiation,etc.The natural selection of organisms in the face of adversity is a necessary condition for the generation of population diversity.The main contents and methods of the experiment were to collect blood samples from people who have lived on the QinghaiTibet Plateau for generations,people migrating to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and people living in Chongming Island,Shanghai.Monocyte isolation,RNA extraction and Agilent expression microarray experiments were carried out in human peripheral blood.The experimental data were analyzed and the results were as follows:The results of gene expression microarray analysis between people who have lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for generations and lowaltitude people who have migrated to the plateau in recent 3-5 years showed that Hematopoietic cell lineage,B cell receptor signaling pathway,IgA immunoglobulin produces Intestinal immune network for IgA production,and gene differential expression occurs in the pathways of complement and coagulation cascades.The expression of genes related to mineral absorption,Staphylococcus aureus infection and pertussis pathway were up-regulated,while the expression of genes related to Hematopoietic cell line and B cell receptor signaling pathway were down-regulated.Further analysis showed that the major differentially expressed genes related to mineral absorption pathway were MT1HL1,MT1 E,MT1M,MT2 A and MT1 B,The expression product of these genes is Metallothionease,Rich in cysteine residues,which functions as a heavy metal binding protein associated with cellular reactions to metals such as cadmium,copper,and zinc,detoxification,and stability in the body.Its gene expression was regulated by heavy metals and glucocorticoids.The proteases of this family have also been shown to function as tumor suppressors.Other studies have shown an association with immune rejection after corneal transplantation.Expression of genes associated with Staphylococcus aureus(IL10,C2,FPR3,C1 QA,C1QB)or Pertussis pathogenic factor infection(C4BPA,IL10,C2,C1 QA,C1QB)pathway was up-regulated.The expression products of these genes are interleukin 10,complement C2,C1 QA,C1QB,and formyl peptide receptor(FPR3)proteins.FPR3 is related to G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway,and is related to complement receptor mediated signaling pathway and inflammatory response.Meanwhile,it positively regulates intracellular calcium ion concentration(C4BPA),which is the complement component 4 binding protein alpha,which is related to innate immune response,negatively regulates complement activation response,positively regulates protein metabolism and response to symbiotic bacteria,etc.IgA immunoglobulin produces genes related to intestinal immune network and genes related to complement and clotting cascade pathway,which are mainly involved in immune regulation and clotting mechanism.The down-regulated Hematopoietic cell line associated genes(CD24,CD22,CR2,MS4A1,FCER2,CD19)and B cell receptor signaling pathway associated genes(CD22,CR2,CD72,CD19,CD79B)are involved in immune function and other related functions.In conclusion,Various ecological and environmental factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau act on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Low altitude people who migrated to Lhasa for 3-5 years and those at low altitude near0 altitude together,and there are differences in gene expression,They suggest that it is mainly related to immune response,bacterial or viral infection,inflammatory response,blood coagulation and so on.