Analysis And Study Of The Macular Of Retina In Anisometropic Amblyopia Based On OCTA

Objective:OCTA was used to detect the macular retinal microvascular system and structure in children with monocular anisometropic amblyopia in order to explore the pathogenesis of anisometropic amblyopia and whether amblyopic training will affect the macular microvascular system and retinal structure in patients with anisometropic amblyopia.Methods:A total of 61 patients with monocular anisometropic amblyopia diagnosed by the consensus of amblyopia diagnostic experts in 2011 were collected from the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Ophthalmology in our hospital.The high diopter number of eyes(diopter is composed of hypermetropia and hyperopia combined with hyperopia astigmatism),that is,61 eyes of amblyopia were included in the amblyopia group,and the low number of eyes,that is,61 eyes of healthy eyes,were included in the group of healthy eyes.In addition,54 children(54 eyes)with normal vision,whose diopter range was-1.00 DS ≤ SE ≤ 1.00 DS and matched with the age of patients with amblyopia,were selected as normal control group.OCTA was used to scan the macular retinal vascular density(VD)and retinal thickness(RT).The scanning mode of VD was 3*3mm with fovea as the range.The scanning mode of RT chooses the retinal thickness scanning mode divided by ETDRS.The basic condition and the changes of macular retinal microvascular system and retinal structure were followed up in 3mo and 6mo of amblyopic patients after amblyopia treatment.The data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0,the measurement data were described by mean ±standard deviation,one-way ANOVA was used if the data were in accordance with normal distribution,and use Kruskal-Wallis test when the data does not conform to the normal distribution.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between macular retina(SE),axial legnth(AL)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).Results:1.SCPVD in amblyopia group,healthy eye group and normal control group were(23.71 ±5.83)%,(28.44 ±4.42)% and(29.46 ±3.84)%,respectively,and DCPVD were(27.05 ±4.12)%,(29.72 ±3.14)% and(30.02 ±3.21)%,respectively.SCPVD and DCPVD in amblyopia group were significantly lower than those in healthy eye group and normal control group.Both SCPVD and DCPVD of macular retina in healthy eyes were slightlylower than those in normal eyes,but the difference was not statistically significant.2.RT: the RT of macular fovea in amblyopia group,healthy eye group and normal control group was(271.70 ±18.09)um,(259.64 ±18.90)um and(262.13±15.82)um;,respectively.The average retinal thickness(ART)in amblyopia group,healthy eye group and normal control group was(320.92 ±10.04)um,(314.77 ±11.47)um and(317.37 ±11.98)um,respectively.The macular fovea RT and ART of amblyopic eyes were significantly thicker than those of healthy eyes,and the central foveal RT of amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker than that of normal eyes,but ART had no significant change compared with normal eyes(P > 0.05).The fovea RT and ART of healthy eyes had no significant change compared with normal eyes(P >0.05).3.Changes of amblyopia before and after treatment: SCPVD and DCPVD of patients with monocular anisometropic amblyopia after 6mo treatment were(29.46±3.84)% and(30.02 ±3.21)%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those before treatment,but the SCPVD and DCPVD of 3mo had no significant change after treatment.There was no significant change in RT of 3mo and 6mo after amblyopia treatment.Conclusions:1.In anisometropic amblyopia,the vessel density of the retinal vascular plexus in the macula of amblyopic eyes will be significantly reduced,and the retinal thickness of the macula will be significantly thicker.2.Amblyopic training can improve the levels of SCPVD and DCPVD in amblyopic patients with anisometropic amblyopia,and their levels may affect visual acuity.3.OCTA has reference value in the diagnosis and treatment of anisometropic amblyopia.