| Objective:Study the characteristics of retinal thickness and vessel density in macular area in young non-pathological highly myopic eyes at different ages by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and analyses the correlation between retinal choroidal vessel density and retinal thickness;and explore whether age is an independent risk factor for vessel density in macular area.Method:A total of 51 patients with high myopia(51 eyes,right eye)who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and 26 young volunteers with high myopia(26 eyes,right eye)from May 2020 to February 2021 were collected.According to age,they were divided into children group(8-12 years old,20cases),teenager group(13-17 years old,31 cases),and youth group(20-27 years old,26 cases).The retinal thickness and the retinal choroid vessel density in the macular area of the three groups with high myopia were observed by OCTA.SPSS 23.0statistical software was used to analyze the data.One-way ANOVA and non-parametric test were used.Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were used.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result:(1)The children,teenager and youth age groups` foveal avascular zone(FAZ)squared area were 0.375±0.137mm2、0.387±0.166mm2、0.357±0.110mm2,there was no significant difference between the three age groups(P=0.556),and there is no correlation between the area of FAZ and SE,AL(all ? r ? < 0.1),age(r=-0.153,P=0.183),and moderately negatively correlated with inner retinal thickness in the1 mm diameter range of macular center(r =-0.732).(2)The thickness of retina in the central,nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections in the macular diameter range of 3mm: the children’s group respectively were 164.30±16.90μm,246.95±15.62μm,245.60±16.12μm,241.90±15.92μm,237.20±17.80μm;In the adolescent group were 172.77±20.15μm,258.94±9.30μm,254.90±9.10μm,252.48±9.78μm,245.74±10.31μm;In the youth group the values were 170.69±16.735μm,254.00±13.12μm,250.35±14.21μm,250.35±14.25μm,240.73±12.70μm.The sections’ comparison between three age groups,according to the results the children group’s thickness of the inner retina is lower than the teenager group,and the lateral nasal and temporal sections is the most significant difference(P= 0.021,P = 0.027),the teenager groups and youth group between various sections had no significant difference(P > 0.05),and the children and youth between various sections had no significant difference(P > 0.05).(3)The thickness of the outer retina in the central,nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections of macular diameter range of 3mm: the children’s group respectively were 85.55±4.01μm,79.95±2.34μm,80.75±1.94μm,78.60±2.06μm,80.65±5.23μm;In the teenager group were 85.58±2.55μm,80.45±2.25μm,81.10±2.30μm,79.39±2.47μm,80.39±2.39μm;In the youth group were 87.00±2.83μm,81.31±3.52μm,83.15±3.79μm,80.40±2.86μm,80.88±4.29μm.There was statistically significant difference in the thickness of the section superior the outer retina between the children group and the teenager group(P=0.037),while there was no statistically significant difference between the other sections in the three age groups(all P> 0.05).(4)The retinal SVC vessel density of the nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections within the macular diameter of 3mm: the children group were 0.281±0.038,0.286±0.508,0.272±0.032,0.289±0.043;the teenager group were 0.323±0.051,0.304±0.045,0.300±0.030,0.301±0.043,and the youth group were 0.302±0.632,0.290±0.062,0.285±0.040,0.299±0.60.There was statistically significant difference in SVC between the children group and teenager group(P=0.022),while there was no statistically significant difference in the other areas between the three age groups(all P > 0.05).(5)The retinal DVC vessel density of the nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections within the macular diameter range of 3mm: the children group were0.310±0.017,0.315±0.027,0.301±0.018,0.301±0.021;the teenager group were0.326±0.032,0.308±0.025,0.308±0.020,0.306±0.018;and the youth group were0.330±0.035,0.314±0.024,0.309±0.015,0.311±0.017.There was statistically significant difference in nasal DVC blood flow density between the children group and the youth group(P=0.040),while there was no statistically significant difference between other sections in the three age groups(all P > 0.05).(6)The CC vessel density of nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections within the macular diameter of 3mm: the children group were 0.408±0.070,0.378±0.046,0.394±0.043,0.388±0.047;the teenager group were 0.420±0.047,0.393±0.042,0.401±0.069,0.386±0.044;and the youth group were 0.426±0.069,0.371±00.64,0.406±0.066,0.370±0.060.There was no statistical difference among different age groups in different sections(all P > 0.05).(7)The corresponding modulus of the Retinal SVC vessel density and inner retinal thickness of the Macular diameter 3 mm in nasal,superior,temporal and inferior sections were 0.386,0.345,0.445,0.274(all P < 0.05);and Retinal DVC vessel density and inner retinal thickness were(r=0.330,P=0.003)、(r=0.164,P=0.155)、(r=0.234,P=0.041)、(r=0.050,P=0.663),The responding modulus between the CC vessel density and outer retinal thickness were 0.252,0.263,0.390,0.289(all P<0.05).The vessel density of each layer had no correlation with SE and AL(all P > 0.05),the DVC blood flow density had low positive correlation with age(r=0.251,P=0.028,SVC and CC vessel density had low negative correlation with age(all P>0.05).Conclusion:(1)There was no significant difference in the size of FAZ area of high myopia in different age groups.The size of FAZ area was not significantly correlated with SE and AL,but was moderately correlated with the thickness of retina in the central macular area.(2)The inner retinal thickness of children with high myopia was relatively thinner,especially in the nasal and temporal areas.(3)The vessel density of SVC and DVC in the nasal retinal region of children with high myopia was lower than that of adolescents and young adults with high myopia.(4)There was a correlation between macular choroidal vessel density and retinal thickness,the age of onset of high myopia may affects the vessel density of DVC. |
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