| ObjectiveTo investigate the salt intake and its influencing factors in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)stage 1-5;The effects of salt intake on human body water distribution measurement;And the correlation between salt intake and TCM syndromes.MethodsUsing the method of cross-sectional survey,the subjects were CKD 1-5 non-dialysis patients who were regularly followed up in the chronic disease management clinic of Guangdong Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2020 to January 2021.The total 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was collected and measured to estimate the daily salt intake,and the body water related indicators were measured by body composition analyzer;General demographic data,laboratory index results,salt taste score,education participation and TCM syndrome types were collected and recorded.Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the related factors affecting salt intake;The correlation between salt intake and body water,and TCM syndromes.ResultsA total of 256 patients were included in the study.The median 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was 3030.48mg,and the median daily salt intake was 7.71g.The proportion of patients with deficiency of spleen and kidney qi syndrome was the highest,accounting for 84%.Damp-heat syndrome and blood stasis syndrome accounted for 23.4%and 22.7%respectively.There were 73 patients with salt intake less than 6g/d,accounting for 28.5%.Taking salt intake as the threshold of 6g/d,they were divided into two groups for comparison.There was no statistical difference in age and CKD stage of patients(P>0.05);there were statistical differences in gender,BMI,and participation in education between the two groups(P<0.05);Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the patient’s age(OR:0.973,95%CI:0.949-0.997,P=0.027),gender(OR:1.893,95%CI:1.024-3.497,P=0.042),BMI(OR:1.201,95%CI:1.084-1.331,P=0.000),participation in education(OR:0.300,95%CI:0.164-0.551,P=0.000)are independent effects of salt intake greater than 6g/d factor.The older the patient,the lower the salt intake.Male patients have higher salt intake than female patients;patients with high salt intake have higher values of height,weight,and BMI;patients with "low" participation in education have higher salt intake.The systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total body water,intracellular water,extracellular water,limb and trunk water distribution,total extracellular water ratio,and trunk and lower limb extracellular water ratios were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05).The systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total body water,intracellular water,extracellular water,limbs and trunk water distribution in the high salt intake group were higher than those in the low salt intake group;while the total extracellular water ratio,trunk and lower limbs extracellular water ratio were lower than those of low salt intake group.There was no statistical difference in laboratory index results(serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate,blood uric acid,blood uric acid,blood total protein,blood albumin,serum sodium ion,urine protein-creatinine ratio,salt taste score)between the two groups;In terms of TCM syndrome,there was no statistical difference in the distribution of the deficiency syndrome between the two groups(P>0.05);the distribution of the superficiality excess syndrome between the two groups was statistically different(P<0.05).Patients with high salt intake had a higher proportion of blood stasis syndrome,and a lower proportion of damp-turbid syndrome and damp-heat syndrome.ConclusionThe salt intake of most CKD 1-5 non dialysis patients was higher than the guideline standard,and the rate of reaching the standard was low.In addition to demographic characteristics such as age,gender and BMI,participation in education is also an important factor affecting salt intake.Disease related clinical indicators and salt taste score have no effect on salt intake.The increase of salt intake is accompanied by the increase of blood pressure and body water.The deficiency of spleen and kidney qi syndrome is the most common in CKD patients,and the blood stasis syndrome is more obvious in patients with high salt intake.The study suggests that we can improve the salt limit rate of CKD patients by strengthening health education and encouraging patients to lose weight,and we should pay more attention to young,male and blood stasis syndrome patients. |
