The Study On The Relationship Between Water Intake And Other Dietary Factors And Common Chronic Diseases In Middle-aged And Elderly People

ObjectivesTo investigate the dietary behaviors, drinking water intake, the water sources, nutritional status and physical condition of middle-aged and elderly people in Jinan, and to analyse the possible associations between water intake, dietary factors and common chronic diseases. To guide middle-aged and elderly people to rational adjust the way of drinking water and drinking water intake, in order to accumulate basic information for establishing adequate water intake of middle-aged and elderly people in China, and to provide scientific instruction for the comprehensive preventive health measures and nutrition health education of middle-aged and elderly people.Methods413middle-aged and elderly people who aged50-75years old in Lixia, Shizhong, Huaiyin and Tianqiao districts of Jinan were randomly selected to complete the survey, subjects were divided into four groups:high blood pressure group, hyperlipidemia disease group, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease group and health control group according to the hospital diagnosis. When research a case,4consecutive days of24-hour dietary tally method and household food weighing method were used to collect personal drinking water and dietary consumption status in four days which included3working days and1day of rest. Subjects estimated and itemized recorded drinking diet types, dinner service (cup, bottle, bowl and so on) and the number or consumption in eight periods which included before breakfast, for breakfast, after breakfast, for lunch, after lunch, for dinner, after dinner and night every day with food weighing instrument, calibration water glass, container and community drinking water and dietary questionnaire. Investigator help subjects recorded drinking diet types on the first day. for the next three days, subjects itemized recorded drinking diet types by themselves. After the research, we analyzed and evaluated the questionnaire survey, drinking water and dietary survey.Results1. Total score, basic drinking knowledge mean score, basic family knowledge mean score, life behavior evaluation mean score of the females were higher than that of of the males(P<0.05). Total score, basic drinking knowledge mean score, basic family knowledge mean score, life behavior evaluation mean score of the normal weight people were the highest, total score, basic drinking knowledge mean score, basic family knowledge mean score, life behavior evaluation mean score of obesity were the lowest(P<0.01). Total score, basic drinking knowledge mean score, basic family knowledge mean score, life behavior evaluation mean score of health control group were the highest, total score, basic drinking knowledge mean score, basic family knowledge mean score, life behavior evaluation mean score of hypertension population, hyperlipidemia population, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease population were lower than that of health control population(P<0.01). The mean score of all parts of respondent decrease with the increase of sick number, the mean score of all parts of severe sickness population were the lowest, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).2. The daily total drinking water, water from food, total water intake of the normal weight population were the lowest(P<0.01). The daily total drinking water, water from food, total water intake of the three chronic diseases population were lower than that of health control population, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The daily total drinking water, water from food, total water intake of health control population were all the highest, the daily total drinking water, water from food, total water intake of subjects had tapered with the increase of sick number, the daily total drinking water, water from food, total water intake of severe sickness population were the lowest, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).3. The percentage of reference intake of energy, protein, thiamin, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, selenium of hypertension population, hyperlipidemia population, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease population were higher than that of health control population, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The percentage of reference intake of potassium of hyperlipidemia population was also significantly higher than that of health control population(P<0.05). The percentage of reference intake of water, vitamin B6, vitamin C of health control population were higher than that of hyperlipidemia population, difference was statistically significant. The percentage of reference intake of all kinds of nutrients among the three chronic diseases population did not differ significantly(P>0.05).4. Breakfast energy, lunch energy, dinner energy of the three chronic diseases population were higher than that of health control population, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The distribution ratio of breakfast and lunch was lower than that of health control population(P<0.01), the distribution ratio of dinner was higher than that of health control population(P<0.01).5. The daily average intakes of greengrocery, meat, fish, oil, salt of the three chronic diseases population were higher than that of health control population, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The daily average intakes of fruit, milk, egg of health control population were higher than that of three chronic diseases population, difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The daily average intake of beans of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease population was lower than that of health control population(P<0.05).Conclusions1. The knowledge of drinking water healthily of subjects who suffered from hypertension hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is not comprehensive, and living behavior is not healthy. The mastery of knowledge and living behavior of health control population are better.2. The average of daily total water intake is less than the current recommended water intake in China, while about55%from drinking, others from food. The influence factors of daily water intake are various and complex, such as age, body weight, body health status.3. The dietary habit of hypertension population, hyperlipidemia population, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease population is poor, intakes of meat, oil, salt are excessive, intakes of fruit, milk, egg are insufficient, and distribution of meals is not reasonable, so drinking water and dietary behaviors of the subjects needs to be improved.