Quality Evaluation Of Paris Polyphyllavar.Yunnanensis In Southwest China

Objective:In this study,the phenotypic characteristics,soil factors and internal quality of wild and cultivated Pairs polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different areas in southwestern China were analyzed,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the production of high-quality P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Methods:Phenotypic characteristics,nutrient content in rhizosphere and soil enzyme activity of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis were determined by conventional methods.Both the establishment of fingerprints and the contents of steroidal saponins,nucleosides and monosaccharides of all samples were determined by HPLC.Then the contents of total saponins,flavonoids and polysaccharides were determined by UV.And the experimental data were analyzed by independent t-test,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.Result:1.The effects of phenotypic characters of wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different regions on the content of three saponins were a combination of multiple factors.On the whole,the total content of saponins was positively correlated with the leaf length and the leaf index（r=0.389,0.441,P<0.05）.2.The results of fingerprint showed that except for Y4,Y9,Y15 and Z27,the similarities between wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different regions were higher,reaching above 0.827.And the chemical pattern recognition showed that the wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis could not be distinguished,which indicated that the chemical composition of wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis were similar.3.The results of independent t test showed that there were significant differences in the contents of cytidine,thymidine and 2’-deoxyadenosine between the wild and cultivated,while there were no differences in the contents of the other six nucleosides.According to the difference of nucleoside content,the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the wild and cultivated could not be distinguished.4.The optimum hydrolysis condition of polysaccharides from P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis was 110℃,2 mol·L^-1TFA for 6 h.Based on building the method of determining monosaccharide,the peak area values and concentration of five nucleosides tested all showed a good linear relationship（r≥0.9993）within their linear ranges.The recovery rate was92.38%～99.98%.Polysaccharide from P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis is mainly composed of glucose,mannose,galactose,rhamnose and arabinose,and the molar ratio of the wild samples is 219.22:28.23:1.83:1.44:1.00.The molar ratio of the cultivated samples was243.29:17.85:3.41:1.00:2.02.5.The content of total saponins and polyphenol oxidase activity in the wild products showed a very significant positive correlation（r=0.726,P<0.01）.The content of total flavonoids was negatively correlated with p H and the urease activity（r=-0.748,r=-0.623,P<0.01）.The content of total saponins in the cultivated products was negatively correlated with the content of available potassium（r=-0.521,P<0.05）,the content of total polysaccharides was positively correlated with the activity of alkaline phosphatase（r=0.570,P<0.05）,and the content of total flavonoids was positively correlated with the activity of invertase（r=0.535,P<0.05）.Conclusion:There is no significant difference in steroidal saponins content between wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different regions,but the results of fingerprints showed that the saponins are the main components leading to the difference,and that the chemical characteristics of the wild and cultivated are similar,and the cultivated can not be distinguished from the wild.Then the contents of uracil,cytidine,guanine,uridine,adenine,guanosine,adenosine and 2’-deoxyadenosine in the wild and cultivated from different regions were similar,but the contents and proportions were different.There was no significant difference in monosaccharide composition between wild and cultivated samples.P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different habitats,and the cultivated could be instead of the wilds.Then the quality of wild and cultivated P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different regions had a certain correlation with the soil factors,especially the activities of polyphenol oxidase,alkaline phosphatase and invertase in soil had significant effects on the quality of imported medicines,which indicated that the growing soil with abundant soil enzyme activities was the basis for the formation of high-quality P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The results showed that Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan were more suitable for cultivating P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Thus,the cultivated could be replaced the wild.