Health Fitness And Influencing Factors Of Guangzhou Elderly People

Objective:The study aims at design a questionnaire for surveying the health fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou.The reliability and validity of the Health Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0(HFMS V1.0)applied to the survey of the health fitness status of the elderly in Guangzhou.A norm for the health fitness assessment scale for the elderly in Guangzhou was established by analyzing the scoring characteristics of the HFMS V1.0 scale for the elderly in Guangzhou.Analyzed the current status of health fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou and explored the main influencing factors.Put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve and promote the health and fitness of the elderly population.Provide a reference for management departments to formulate relevant policies.Methods1、Study subjectsTake the elderly population in Guangzhou as the research object.From January to June 2020,a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1,280 elderly people for on-site health fitness status surveys.2、Study methods(1)Operational definitionThe operational definition of healthy fitness in this study is:the optimal physiological,psychological and social adaptability of individuals in response to changes in internal and external environment.(2)InstrumentsDesign a questionnaire on the health fitness of the urban elderly population.The questionnaire mainly includes three parts:general information;lifestyle and experience events;health fitness measurement scale(HFMS V1.0).(3)Data processing and statistics① Data management and statistics analysisBuild up the database by Epidata3.02.Use Microsoft Excel to clean the data.Use SPSS26.0 for statistical analysis.②Evaluation methods of HFMS V 1.0In this study,the three reliability indicators of appeal were used to evaluate the reliability of the HFMS V1.0 scale.This study mainly used structural validity and criterion validity to evaluate the validity of the HFMS V1.0 scale.The "ceiling/floor effect" was used to calculate the response degree of the survey subject’s health fitness scale.③StatisticsThe independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences in HFMS V1.0 scores of the study subjects under different sociodemographic groups and different lifestyle groups.The mean ± standard deviation method and the normal distribution method were used to establish the norm of the Guangzhou Elderly Health Fitness Assessment Scale;the reliability analysis was used to test the semi-reliability of the scale and the Cronbach’α coefficient,and the factor analysis was used.The exploratory factor analysis of the scale adopts bivariate analysis for test-retest reliability analysis.Result:1、In this survey,1280 questionnaires were distributed for the first time,and 1105 valid questionnaires were returned.The effective response rate was 92.86%.100 questionnaires were retested and 93 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 97.89%.2、Reliability and validity of HFMS V1.02.1 Reliability(1)Internal consistency reliabilityThe Cronbach’s a coefficient of the HFMS V1.0 scale is 0.920,and the Cronbach’s a coefficients of the physiological,psychological,and social subscales are 0.854,0.866,and 0.843 respectively.Whether it is a total scale or a subscale,the internal consistency of the scale is all better.(2)Split-half reliabilityThe Cronbach’s a coefficients of the two half scales of the HFMS V1.0 scale are 0.859 and 0.878 respectively.It shows that this scale has high split-half reliability.(3)Test-retest reliabilityThe Spearman correlation coefficient between the first test and the second test of the HFMS V1.0 scale is 0.702.The Spearman correlation between the first test and the second test of each subscale and its dimensions is relatively high,indicating the scale’s Retest reliability is better.2.2 Validity(1)Construct validity①The scores of each item on the HFMS V1.0 scale are highly correlated with the dimensional scores to which they belong,and the correlation coefficient R is between 0.569-0.826,and it is statistically significant(P<0.05).Most of the correlation coefficients are above 0.700.In addition,the results also show that the correlation coefficient between each item and the scores of other dimensions is small.②Factor analysisThe results of this study show that the KMO statistic is 0.931,the Bartlett sphere test shows that the chi-square value is 14969.396,and the P value is less than 0.001,indicating that the data obtained in this study is suitable for factor analysis.The 6 common factors were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 55.18.③ ReactivityThe highest scores of the HFMS V1.0 total scale and the physiological,psychological and social subscales were 93.53,94.28,100,and 97.78,respectively,and the lowest scores were 31.18,25.71,30.91,and 35.56,indicating that the scale has a good response.3、Norm of HFMS V1.0 in Guangzhou elderly people(1)Mean normThe mean norm of HFMS V1.0 is established according to different genders and different age groups:among male survey subjects,the mean norms of each age group were 71.55±8.59,68.16±9.96,64.24±8.11,and 61.94± 10.55,among female survey subjects,the mean norms of each age group were 70.23±7.84,67.99±8.52,63.42±7.55,and 61.94±10.55,respectively.(2)Cut-off normThe normal distribution method was used to divide the boundary values of different health fitness states.Taking x-1.5s、x-0.5s、x+0.5s、x+1.5s as the boundary point.According to different genders and different age groups,the HFMS V1.0 scores are divided into very low,relatively low,average,relatively high,and very high in order from low to high.Calculate the specific boundary value of each group.4、Score of HFMS V1.0 in Guangzhou elderly peopleThe results of this study show that the total transformation score of elderly health fitness is 65.35±9.06;the physiological subscale is 62.16± 10.53;the psychological subscale is 68.35± 10.79;the social subscale is 66.65± 11.40.In all dimensions The dimension with the lowest conversion score is the physical adaptive capacity,and the highest is the stress response.5、Analysis factors affecting health fitness among Guangzhou elderly people(1)Univariate analysis of the factors affecting health fitness among Guangzhou elderly peopleIndependent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA results show that gender,age,education level,marital status,occupation before retirement,family monthly income,my monthly income,BMI,living conditions,types of chronic diseases,community medical services,smoking,drinking,physical exercise frequency,sleep duration,frequency of physical examination,frequency of cultural and sports activities,negative events,self-health concerns,hobbies,and frequency of meeting with children are significant correlations with the health fitness status of the elderly in Guangzhou.(2)Regression analysis of factors affecting the health and fitness status of the elderly in Guangzhou.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis show that the main factors affecting the physical fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou are:age,gender,family monthly income,occupation before retirement,BMI,living conditions,frequency of physical exercise,types of chronic diseases,and self-health Attention,negative events,children’s meeting frequency,sleep duration,hobbies.Conclusions:1.The HFMS V1.0 scale has relatively good reliability and validity when applied to the survey of the status quo of the health fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou.2.The overall health fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou is low,especially the physical fitness.It is suggested that the monitoring and promotion of the health fitness of the elderly should be strengthened,and the physical fitness should be emphasized.3.This study divided the health fitness status into five levels:very low,relatively low,average,relatively high,and very high,and gave specific cut-off values for each gender and age group to evaluate the health fitness of the elderly in Guangzhou.The performance status provides an epidemiological evaluation standard.4.The main factors affecting the health and fitness status of the elderly in Guangzhou are:age,gender,family monthly income,occupation before retirement,BMI,living conditions,frequency of physical exercise,types of chronic diseases,self-health concerns,negative events,Children’s meeting frequency,length of sleep,hobbies.5.Put forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving and promoting the health and fitness status of the elderly in accordance with the main factors that affect the health and fitness status of the elderly in Guangzhou.Suggestions:1.It is recommended that health departments regularly carry out targeted and specific health fitness monitoring work2.Establish long-term health fitness intervention work,and formulate a work path for health fitness improvement3.Encourage the community to carry out health education and promote the self-health fitness of the elderly4.Develop healthy diet guidelines for the elderly and encourage them to follow reasonable dietary habits5.Call on the elderly to change their bad behaviors.