| This study was conducted to investigate the effects of corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with fermented S.grosvenorii residue at different levels on growth performance,meat quality and intestinal function of yellow-feathered broilers.In this experiment,different fermentation proportions of S.grosvenorii pomace were selected as raw materials（the fermentation proportion of S.grosvenorii residue was 80%-100%）for routine nutritional composition analysis and metabolic rate determination,and the fermented S.grosvenorii residue with better metabolic rate was selected for feeding test.A total of 360 one-day-old yellow-feather broiler chickens were randomly divided into four treatments according to the single factor design.Six replicates were set for each treatment and 15 for each replicate.The feeding experiment lasted for 70 days.During the1-21-day-old chicks,the basal diet was supplemented with 0%（group Ⅰ）,1%（group Ⅱ）,3%（group III）and 5%（group IV）fermented S.grosvenorii residue,respectively.In the22-42-day-old growth stage and 43-70-day-old growth stage,the basal diet was supplemented with 0%（group I）,5%（group II）,8%（group III）and 10 %（group IV）fermented S.grosvenorii residue.The growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,serum biochemical indexes,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora indexes of broilers were determined,and the suitable dosage of fermented S.grosvenorii residue in the diet of yellow feather broilers was determined.The results are as follows:1.Effect of fermentation on nutrient composition and metabolic rate of S.grosvenorii residue.（1）The changes of nutritional components and metabolic rate of S.grosvenorii residue with different proportions（0,80%,90% and 100%）before and after fermentation were compared.The highest crude protein and crude fat content of 80% S.grosvenorii residue（after fermentation）was 10.75% and 1.63% respectively,and the lowest crude fiber content was 38.18%.（2）Compared with S.grosvenorii residue,the dry matter metabolic rate,crude ash metabolic rate,crude fiber metabolic rate and total energy metabolic rate of 80% and 100%S.grosvenorii residue（after fermentation）were significantly increased（p < 0.01）.And 80%S.grosvenorii residue（after fermentation）dry matter metabolic rate,crude protein metabolic rate,crude ash metabolic rate,crude fat metabolic rate,crude fiber metabolic rate and total energy metabolic rate were 94.91%,72.96%,83.88%,72.90%,83.58% and87.44%,respectively.2.Effects of fermented S.grosvenorii residue on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers.（1）In terms of growth performance,adding different levels of fermented S.grosvenorii residue instead of corn had no significant difference in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio of broilers（p > 0.05）.（2）In terms of slaughter performance,compared with group Ⅰ,the slaughter rates of group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ increased significantly（p < 0.05）,increased by 2.52%,3.12% and 2.15%,respectively,and group Ⅲ was the highest;there was no significant difference in chest muscle rates between group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ（p > 0.05）,but the chest muscle ratio of group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ by 11.53%（p <0.05）.（3）In terms of meat quality,compared with group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳhad significant difference in 45 min breast muscle color a* value（p < 0.05）,which increased by 51.03%,53.45% and 57.94%,respectively.The cooking loss of leg muscle in group Ⅲ decreased significantly by 13.25%（p < 0.05）.3.Effects of fermented S.grosvenorii residue on serum biochemical indexes,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora in broilers.（1）In terms of serum biochemical indexes,compared with group Ⅰ,the total protein difference between group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ was significantly reduced at 21 days of age（p <0.01）.At the age of 42 days,the difference of immunoglobulin M in group Ⅱ decreased significantly（p < 0.05）.At the age of 70 days,compared with group Ⅰ,the total protein content in group Ⅳ decreased significantly by 18.57%（p < 0.05）.The content of urea nitrogen in group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ was significantly different（p < 0.05）,which decreased by 57.58%,39.39% and 54.55%,respectively.The content of low density lipoprotein in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ by 36.36%and 33.88%,respectively（p < 0.05）.（2）In terms of intestinal morphology,at 21 days of age,compared with group Ⅰ,there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ（p > 0.05）,but there was significant difference between group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ（p < 0.05）,which increased by 34.41% and 44.90%,respectively.At 42 days of age,there was no significant difference in villus height,crypt depth and V/C ratio among duodenum,jejunum and ileum（p > 0.05）.At 70 days of age,compared with group Ⅰ,the duodenal crypt depth in group Ⅲand group Ⅳ decreased significantly by 36.01% and 33.46%,respectively（p < 0.05）,and V/C increased significantly by 78.05% and 69.98%,respectively（p < 0.01）.The depth of ileal recess in group Ⅱ was significantly different（p < 0.05）,which increased by 58.05%.Compared with group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ,ileal V/C was significantly increased in group III（p < 0.01）.（3）In terms of intestinal flora,the number of common OTU in group I and III was537,and the number of unique OTU in group I and III was 55 and 7,respectively.The core phylum was Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota in group III was significantly lower than that in group I（p < 0.05）.At the genus level,the relative abundance of uncultured＿bacteria＿f＿Clostridiales＿vadin BB60＿group in group III was significantly higher than that in group I（p < 0.05）.There was no significant difference in Alpha diversity index and Beta diversity index between groups I and Ⅲ（p > 0.05）.To sum up,the addition of fermented S.grosvenorii residue to the broiler corn-soybean meal basic diet can replace corn in the same amount,and the suitable addition level is 3%in the chicken stage and 8% in the growth and breeding stage. |
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