| Ginger is propagated by rhizomes,and the traditional sowing method is still continued,with large labor input.It is difficult to achieve standardized and mechanized planting because of the irregular size and shape of seed pieces.For this reason,this paper investigated the effects of cutting size（10-15 g,25-30 g,50-60 g）and cutting method（ginger fingers of ginger remove the bottom to retain the top ratio 1/4,1/2,3/4,1;ginger finger transverse three section cutting method: upper,middle,lower）on the growth and some physiological characteristics of ginger seedlings,and also measured the biological effects of seedling transplanting to provide a theoretical basis for mechanized planting.The main research results are as follows.1.Seed ginger cut block with increasing weight,seedling emergence rate increased,seedling emergence time was advanced,seedling growth was fast,and yield was high after transplanting.For example,plant height,stem thickness,number of branches,root fresh weight,and rootstock fresh weight increased by 32.47%,40.32%,63.09%,176.23%,and 230.60%,respectively,and root length,surface area,and root tip number increased by 121.00%,74.05%,and 113.73% for 50-60 g cut blocks compared with 10-15 g.The plant height,stem thickness,number of branches,root fresh weight,and rootstock fresh weight increased by 121.00%,74.05%,and 113.73% for non-cut end seed blocks compared with the plant height,stem thickness,number of branches,and root tip number retained by 1/4 of the top cut end.The height,stem thickness,number of branches,root fresh weight,root fresh weight increased by78.36%,84.51%,130.41%,85.96%,363.51%,root length,surface area,number of root tips increased by 187.24%,275.41%,184.36%.2.Leaf chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents of seed ginger cut blocks of50-60 g at seedling stage increased by 22.52%,23.64%,and 28.57% compared to 10-15 g;while leaf chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents of plants without cut end seed blocks increased by 54.46%,23.40%,and 25.00%.The water-air exchange parameters Pn,Tr,WUE,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of ginger plant leaves increased significantly with the increase of seed block weight,such as Fv/Fm,q P,and φPSII of 50-60 g cut seedlings increased by 2.83%,14.29%,and 16.39%,respectively,compared with 10-15 g.3.GS,GOGAT,SS,SPS,and NR activities of seed ginger cut blocks gradually increased with increasing weight and retention ratio,in which GS,GOGAT,SS,SPS,and NR activities of cut block 50-60 g seedling stage increased by 63.67%,74.29%,34.85%,8.97%,and 100.78%,respectively,compared with 10-15 g treatment;no cut The activities of GS,GOGAT,SS,SPS,and NR of plants without tail cut seed pieces increased by 53.36%,93.75%,37.31%,22.22%,and 93.02%,respectively,compared to the 1/4 treatment.Similar trends were observed for N,P and K contents in all organs of the plant.4.The stem thickness,number of leaves,and number of branches of the seedlings cut from the middle of the three-section cross section of ginger finger were not significantly different from the top and bottom,but the plant height,root fresh weight,and root fresh weight were higher in the middle of the plant,increasing by 10.38%,25.83%,and 23.94%,respectively,compared with the top shoot,and their root length,root surface area,and number of root tips were also higher,and the plant height,stem thickness,number of leaves,number of branches,root fresh weight,and There were no significant differences in the height,stem thickness,number of leaves,number of branches,fresh weight of roots,fresh weight of stems,fresh weight of leaves,and fresh weight of roots and stems between the top and bottom cut plants.The SS,SPS,GS,GOGAT,NR and root vigor of the leaves of the middle cut seedlings were significantly higher than those of the top and bottom cut seedlings,while there was no significant difference between the latter.There were no significant differences in photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of leaves of top,middle and bottom cut seedlings.5.There was a significant difference in the final yield formed after transplanting seedlings cultivated with different cutting sizes of seed ginger,with 50-60 g,25-30 g,and 10-15 g cutting treatments increasing the yield by 24.18%,11.39%,and-9.82%,respectively,compared to the yield of conventional direct seeding.The yields of ginger fingers without block cutting increased by 51.23%,12.58%,and 2.32% over the cut tail and leave the top ratio of 1/4,1/2,and 3/4,respectively.There was no significant difference in yield between the upper and lower middle cut seedling transplants using the 3-stage cutting method. |
