| Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) demands for large numbers of mineral elements and has a long growth time, but in along time, people only pay much attention to using the fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This way reduced stem of ginger softened and anti-pest ability of plant. Menwhile reduced the yield and quality. Through previous studies, we know that silicon could delay premature senility blade in base; improve photosynthesis of leaves and enhance plant stress resistance. Gingers (Zingiber officinale Rosc.cv. shannong No1) were grown at different levels of silicon in both solution culture and soil culture experiment. The experiment of solution culture design consisted of a control (no added Si) and three treatments (1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM Si) and also four treaments in soil culture (50 kg/666.7m2, 100 kg/666.7m2, 150 kg/666.7m2 and a control). Effects of silicon on absorption and distribution of mineral elements of ginger were studied in different levels of silicon. Meanwhile, relationship between silicon and plant growth, yield and quality , photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were analyzed. The main results were as follows:1. Silicon content in ginger plant reached between 2% and 5%, so ginger was considered as a higher accumulator. Acording to analysis silicon content in different organs, silicon content in size order was root > leaf > rhizoma > stem. Silicon application increased silicon content of ginger plant. Average silicon content of plant was closely related to silicon content of different organs. But based on a comprehensive analysis, it was suggested that the upper leaves was the most ideal indicator to diagnose Si status and make Si fertilization recommendation at seeding stage in ginger.2. Application of silicon increased content and absorption of silicon (SiO2). Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus content in different organs of ginger were also increased. Nitrogen increased by 13.1%,27.1%,35.2% and phosphorus increased by 18.6%,39.5%,52.3%. Although the experiment proved silicon application decreased potassium content of ginger, due to increase of the biomass of ginger plant, its absorption was not reduced.3. The study proved silicon had an obvious effect on the growth of ginger. Plant height and stem diameter of ginger and biomass of different organs were increased both in culture and soil solution experiments. Number of leaves and branches were also improved in field experiment. At harvest time, Compared with non-silicon treatments, number of branches increased by 8.3%, 18.3% and 13.3% in T'1,T'2 and T'3 treatments. The yield of T'1,T'2 and T'3 were 76926.9,86542.8 and 78850.1 kg/hm2 respectively, compared with that of CK'66926.4 kg/hm2, the increasing rates were14.9% , 29.3% and 17.8% separately.4. Silicon improved carotenoid content. heightened photosynthetic rate of ginger leaves, prolonged the period of high-light-effect. However, no differences in chlorophyll content were observed. Otherwise, silicon improved intrinsic photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PSⅡ(φPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching (qP), decreased photoinhibition of photosynthesis of ginger in midday.5. Silicon treatment also increased water use efficiency(WUE) in leaves, but decreased the transpiration rate (Tr). Compared with non-silicon treatments, T1,T2 and T3 treatments improved WUE by 23.1%, 55.9% and 54.8% but decreased Tr by 6.3%, 17.1% and 19.2% at 11:00 o,clock.6. Silicon could significantly enhance the fastness of ginger. Activities of CAT and POD were significantly improved and MDA content was decreased in drought and high temperature stress. Compared with non-silicon treatments, T1,T2 and T3 treatments reduced mlondiadehyde content of ginger leaves by 8.8%,19.2% and 23.8% especially, so silicon application lessened the extent of membranes injury of ginger. 7. Silicon had a significant effect on the yield and quality of ginger. Dry matter of rihzoma increased by 17.5%,20.1% and 8.7% in T'1,T'2,T'3 respectively. Volatized oil content in T'2 was also improved by 25.0%8. Based on a comprehensive analysis, we concluded the suitable silicon concentration for ginger ranged between 1.5 and 2.0 mmol/L in solution culture and 100 kg/666.7m2 in soil culture. |
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