| In order to find out the effect of the combination of seedling raising method and transplanting machine on the quality,population quality construction,yield and economic benefit of transplanting rice.From 2017 to 2018,two experiments were designed in two ecological areas,i.e.modern agricultural research base of Sichuan Agricultural University,Chongzhou,Chengdu(plain area of Western Sichuan)and Changshan Town,Rongxian County,Zigong City(hilly area of southern Sichuan).The three line hybrid indica rice F you 498 and two line hybrid indica rice Jing Liang You 534 were selected as the test materials respectively.Experiment 1: Chongzhou,three factor randomized block experiment There are two kinds of seedling raising methods: nutrient soil seedling raising and thin mud seedling raising;three sowing rates: 65 g,85,and 105/plate;two kinds of transplanting machines and tools: four rows of hand-held transplanter and six rows of ride high-speed transplanter.Experiment 2: in Zigong,with a sowing rate of 85g/plate.Two factors were randomly divided into two groups.Two kinds of seedling raising methods were set up:nutrient soil seedling raising and slime seedling raising.Three kinds of transplanting machines were: two rows,four rows and six rows of hand-held transplanters.The effects of the combination of seedling raising methods and transplanting machines,which are suitable for West Sichuan plain and South Sichuan hilly area respectively,on the photosynthetic matter production,mass matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and utilization,yield and rice quality of mechanically transplanted rice were systematically studied,and the yield and investment benefits were analyzed,and the relationship between nitrogen utilization,photosynthetic matter production and yield was explored.The main results are as follows:1.The effect of seeding rate and transplanting machine on Rice Yield and components under different seedling raising methodsIn the rice growing area of Western Sichuan plain,the effects of seedling raising,seeding rate and transplanting machine on Yield and its components are significant or extremely significant.The rice yield and its components under the treatment of nutrient soil were higher than those under the treatment of thin mud,with an increase of about 4%;the rice yield and its components under the treatment of 6-Row high-speed transplanter were better than those of 4-row walking transplanter;with the increase of seeding amount,the effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,total spikelet number and yield showed a trend of first rising and then falling,while the1000 grain weight and seed setting rate showed a gradual decline Trend.There were significant or extremely significant effects on the effective panicles and the number of grains per panicle,and the interaction effect was significant.The results showed that the yield and components of the two rows of hand-held transplanter were better than those of the four and six rows of hand-held transplanter.To sum up,there are differences in the integration of seedling raising methods and transplanting machines and tools in different ecological areas.In the plain area of Western Sichuan,the combination of 85 g seeding rate and 6-Row riding high-speed transplanter is the best,while in the hilly area of southern Sichuan,the combination of 2-row hand-held transplanter is the best.2.The effect of seeding rate and transplanting machine on the quality of rice population under different seedling raising methodsIn the plain area of Western Sichuan,the way of seedling raising,the amount of seeding and the transplanting machine had a significant effect on the dry matter accumulation and Lai,and the interaction effect was significant.The number of tillers,dry matter accumulation,Lai and photosynthetic potential of the population in nutrient soil were all higher than those in slime soil;the number of tillers,heading uniformity,ear rate,dry matter weight and dry matter accumulation,Lai and photosynthetic potential of the population under the treatment of 6-Row high-speed transplanter were higher than those of 4-row hand-held transplanter;with the increase of seeding amount,the heading uniformity and dry matter accumulation of the population were higher The amount,Lai and photosynthetic potential all increased first and then decreased.There were significant or extremely significant effects of seedling raising methods and transplanting machines on uniformity of transplanting,dry matter weight,Lai,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation and heading uniformity,and the interaction effect was significant.The population growth rate,Lai and efficient Lai at full heading stage,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation amount,heading uniformity were significantly positively correlated with effective ear,grain number per ear,grain number per ear and yield(0.44 *～0.96**).The uniformity of transplanting,dry matter weight in each growth stage,dry matter accumulation and population growth rate in each growth stage,Lai in each growth stage,efficient Lai in full heading stage,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation amount,heading uniformity and yield are all the best.3.The effect of seeding rate and transplanting machine on rice quality and nitrogen utilization under different seedling raising methodsThe effects of seedling raising method,sowing amount and transplanting machine on nitrogen(N)accumulation,transport amount and N use efficiency of rice were significant or extremely significant,and the interaction effect was significant or extremely significant.N accumulation and utilization,processing quality and appearance quality of rice in nutrient soil seedling raising treatment were significantly better than those in thin mud seedling raising,and N accumulation in mature stage was 5% higher than that in thin mud seedling raising;while N accumulation,nitrogen transportation,N utilization,processing quality and appearance quality of rice in six row high-speed transplanter treatment were better than that in four row hand-held transplanter With the increase of sowing amount,the N accumulation,transport,dry matter production efficiency and partial productivity of N increased first and then decreased,while the N harvest index and rice production efficiency decreased first and then increased.The brown rice rate and milled rice rate of rice processing decreased with the increase of sowing amount,while the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree increased with the increase of sowing amount.There was a significant positive correlation(0.72**～0.99**)between rice yield and N accumulation,N transport,N dry matter production efficiency,N partial productivity in all growth stages and organs.4.Analysis on the economic benefits of rice production under different seedling raising methods,seeding rates and different transplanting machinesThe economic benefit of rice in 2018 is higher than that in 2019.The cash profit and cost profit rate brought by the treatment of nutrient soil seedling are higher;the contribution rate of the treatment response cost of the six row ride high-speed transplanter is 3%,and the cash profit and cost profit rate are 0.06%～17.1% higher than that of the four row hand-held transplanter;with the increase of the seeding amount,the total income,economic profit and cost profit rate are rising first and then declining,and the seeding amount of 65 g and 85 g per plate is higher than that of105 g 4%～14%、26%～82%、30%～76%.The profit and cost profit rate of high-speed transplanter with nutrient soil seedling raising,85 g / plate and 6 rows riding are the highest. |
