| Perilla frutescens is rich in biologically active ingredients,such as volatile oils,phenolic acids,and flavonoids.It has significant effects in inhibiting bacteria,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,lowering blood lipids,protecting the liver,and anticancer.Perilla seed oil is a highly unsaturated natural oil extracted from mature perilla seeds.It is rich inα-linolenic acid and does not contain harmful ingredients such as erucic acid.It has significant effects such as lowering lipids and blood pressure,protecting the liver and the liver,anti-aging,anti-oxidation,improving memory and enhancing immunity,and is widely used in the health products industry;Folium perillae are rich in nutrients and are rich in various biologically active ingredients such as perillaldehyde,perillene,flavones and phenolic acids.They are effective in protecting the liver,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,lowering blood fat,anti-oxidation and improving immunity significantly;Perilla cake is a by-product of perilla seed after oil extraction.It is fragrant,has good palatability,high content of crude protein and crude fat,and is rich in various biologically active ingredients in perilla seed.It is not only a source of high-quality plant protein,but also a potential functional raw material.The Andrias davidianus is a second-level protected animal in China.Its meat is very delicious and rich in collagen.It is considered a valuable nourishing sacred product.At present,the artificial breeding and breeding technology of giant salamander has gradually matured,but the research and development of its exclusive compound feed feed is basically blank.In the artificial breeding process,chilled fresh is often used as the main bait,which may easily cause gastrointestinal and liver diseases of the giant salamander,restricting the development of giant salamander breeding industry.After 4 years of research,the research team has now solved the problem of giant salamander opening and nutritional needs assessment.compound feed feed has now entered the intermediate trial stage.Based on this,in order to further optimize the feed formula,improve the disease resistance and immune capacity of the big pupa,and protect the gastrointestinal and liver health of the giant salamander.This experiment takes giant salamander as the research object,and explores the application effect of perilla seed oil,Folium Perillae and perilla cake in the compound feed feed of giant salamander.The following three aspects of research are carried out in the experiment:1、Evaluation on the application of perilla seed oil in the compound feed feed of Andrias davidianusIn order to study the feasibility of using perilla seed oil in the compound feed feed of giant salamander,the experiment uses fish meal,chicken meal and other basic ingredients to prepare the compound feed of giant salamander.Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding 3.0%perilla seed oil(PSO),soybean oil(SO)and fish oil(FO),respectively,to the compound feed to feed giant salamander[initial body weight(75.20±1.18)g].The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth performance of the three groups of giant salamander(P>0.05),but the ratio of visceral body to muscle and crude fat in the PSO group was significantly lower(P<0.05),and the crude protein content of muscle was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).The contents of linoleic acid,EPA and DHA,andα-linolenic acid in the muscle of the giant salamander were the highest in the SO,FO and PSO groups,respectively.Compared with other groups,the PSO can significantly improve the T-AOC,T-SOD,CPT-I and ACC activity and plasma IgM,HDL-C content(P<0.05),and significantly reduced liver MDA,ET,D-LA and TC levels and plasma AKP,DAO and GPT activities(P<0.05).In summary,perilla seed oil,as a compound feed fat source of giant salamander can improves the muscle quality of the giant salamander,enhances the antioxidant and immune capacity,promotes lipid metabolism and reduces fat deposition in the body and not inhibit its growth performance.2、Evaluation on the application of folium perillae in the compound feed feed of Andrias davidianusThe test uses fish meal,chicken meal,and fish oil as raw materials to formulate the compound feed of giant salamander,and the compound feed is used as the control group(D0).Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding Folium Perillae with 1.0%(D1),2.0%(D2)and 3.0%(D3)content in the compound feed,respectively,to feed giant salamander[initial body weight(54.23±0.26)g].The results showed that with the increase of the amount of Folium Perillae,the FBW,WGR,and SGR of giant salamander increased first and then decreased.The maximum value appeared in the D2group,while the FCR was opposite,and the minimum value appeared in the D2 group.The dietary intake of giant salamander in group D2 was significantly higher than that in group D0(P<0.05);The proper addition of Folium Perillae can reduce the crude fat content in muscle and liver of the giant salamander and significantly increase the crude protein content in the giant salamander(P<0.05);The liver and intestinal T-AOC,T-SOD,and MDA contents were all optimal in the D2 group;Intestinal lipase,Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity,and plasma IgM and HDL-C contents all reached the maximum in the D2 group.Liver AST and ALT activities,and plasma DAO,D-LA,ET,and LDL-C contents all showed a minimum in the D2 group;Pepsin,H~+-K~+-ATPase,AKP activity,and NO contents all reached the optimal values in the D1 group;Trypsin,intestinal amylase activity,and TC content showed an upward trend with the increase of the amount of Folium Perillae,and reached the optimal in the D3 group;By analyzing the intestinal sections,the intestinal morphology,the number of villi,the height of the villi,and the cavity rate were all optimized in the D2 group.In summary,adding appropriate level perilla leaf to the feed of the giant salamander can significantly improve the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency,increase the crude protein content of the muscle,reduce liver fat deposition,enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function,improve gastrointestinal digestive and absorptive capacity and intestinal barrier function.3、Evaluation on the application of perilla cake in the compound feed feed of Andrias davidianusThe test uses fish meal,chicken meal,and fish oil as raw materials to formulate the compound feed of giant salamander,and the compound feed is used as the control group.Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding 5%perilla cake and fermented perilla cake content in the compound feed,respectively,to feed giant salamander[initial body weight(54.14±0.17)g].Perilla cake group and fermented perilla cake group had significantly higher FBW,WGR,and SGR than the control group(P<0.05);Perilla cake significantly increased the crude protein content of the giant salamander muscle(P<0.05)and significantly reduced liver fat Content(P<0.05);Liver T-AOC,T-SOD and MDA content and intestinal T-SOD and MDA content reached the best in fermented perilla cake group,intestinal T-AOC appeared in perilla cake group Maximum.Pepsin,H~+-K~+-ATPase,intestinal lipase,amylase activity,and plasma DAO,D-LA,and ET contents were all optimal in the fermented perilla cake group,and all were significantly better than the control group(P<0.05);Na~+-K~+-ATPase and intestinal trypsin activity both reached the maximum in the perilla cake group;the plasma IgM,AKP and LDL-C contents reached the optimum in the perilla cake group;The contents of ALT,TC and TG all had the lowest values in the fermented perilla cake group,and all were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).In summary,the perilla cake and fermented perilla cake can significantly improve the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the giant salamander.Compared with perilla cake,fermented perilla cake can significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function,improve gastrointestinal digestion and absorption capacity and intestinal barrier function.However,the perilla cake is more effective in increasing the muscle protein content and reducing the crude fat content in the liver. |
