| As a kind of edible-medicinal fungi,Cyclocybe chaxingu is very popular in China for its rich nutritional value and unique flavor.It has important economic value.On the one hand,with the price of main raw materials such as sawdust and cotton seed hull has risen rapidly in rencent years,which has restricted the development of edible fungi industry.On the other hand,the annual output of agricultural byproducts such as canola straw,lotus seed hull,corn cob and Pueraria lobata residue is huge,and difficult to degrade effectively and cannot be burned,which has caused many problems to farmers.In addition,people not only pay attention to the agronomic characters of edible fungi,but also pay more attention to their nutritional value.How to use agricultural by-products to produce edible fungi with high nutritional value and good agronomic characteristics is of great significance.On the basis of previous studies in the laboratory,11 strains of C.chaxingu were cultivated with canola straw,corn cob,lotus seed shell and Pueraria lobata residue as the main materials for cultivation substrate formula.The chemical of the substrate formula,agronomic and nutritional components of C.chaxingu were determined respectively.The correlation between the substrate and the agronomic and nutritional components of C.chaxingu was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of these agricultural byproducts replacing traditional sawdust and cotton seed shell.The results are listed below:1.Only a few index parameters showed obvious advantages in the formula of canola straw,therefore,canola straw was not a high-quality substrate for cultivation of C.chaxingu.1)In terms of agronomic traits,Although the fruiting bodies of C.chaxingu were difficult to open the mushroom umbrella,its average stalk diameter was a minimum of0.69 cm.The average total yield of the first flush was the highest among all formulas,reaching 35.14 g/bag;The total yield of three flush was 67.15 g/bag,which was significantly better than the control formula.2)In terms of nutritional components,the average crude polysaccharides ranked the second in all formulations,reaching 19.45 %.2.It is feasible to cultivate C.chaxingu with corn cob as the main material to replace the traditional main materia.1)In terms of agronomic traits,the fruiting bodies of C.chaxingu were neat,average the mycelial growth rate was as fast as 0.41 cm/d,average the primordium differentiation time was a minimum of 57 d,while average the second mushroom flush time were 77 d and average the third flush time were 93.36 d.The highest average of total yield was 69 g/bag and the average biological efficiency ranked second in all formulations,reached 30.49 %.2)In terms of nutritional components,it was asignificantly higher than the control formula obviously,such as average crude protein content was 32.33%,average Na content was 123.21 mg/kg,average Zn content was 84.94mg/kg,and average the crude polysaccharide content was 14 mg/kg.3.Lotus seed hull is also the high-quality cultivation substrate for cultivating C.chaxingu.1)In terms of agronomic traits,average the mycelial growth rate was as fast as0.47 cm/d,which was higher than 17.5% of the control formula.Average the time of primordium differentiation was 57 d,which is significantly better than the control formula.Average the first mushroom flush time was a minimum of 64 d and the total yield were67.19 g/bag which ranked second in all formulations.And the highest average biological efficiency was 30.96% and dry weight was 6.45 g/bag.2)In terms of nutrients,the highest average content of crude polysaccharides was 20.30%.The average contents of mineral elements Na 119.50 mg/kg,Mg 1354.66 mg/kg and K 875.07 mg/kg were significantly higher than those in the control formula.4.As a new substrate,Pueraria lobata residue could successfully cultivate C.chaxingu,but it is not a high-quality cultivation substrate,either.1)In terms of agronomic traits,the average mycelial growth rate was slowest,which was 0.32 cm/d.Average the primordium differentiation time and average the mushroom time of the first flush,the second flush,the third flush were the longest in all formulations,which were 65 d,73 d,92 d,109 d respectively.2)In terms of nutritional components,average the crude protein content was the lowest to 22.82%,and average Ca content were 55.69 mg/kg,while average Mg content and K content was the highest,reaching 1446.51 mg/kg,1017.96mg/kg respectively.5.The agronomic traits of C.chaxingu were significantly affected by the cultivation substrate.1)The mycelium growth rate was significantly positively correlated with content of crude protein and lignin,and negatively correlated with cellulose content.2)The yield of the first flush of mushrooms was negatively correlated with the C content of the substrate,but positively correlated with the ash content.3)The yield of the third flush of mushrooms was significantly positively correlated with N content,crude protein and lignin,but significantly negatively correlated with content of ash and cellulose.4)Stipe diameter has significantly positively correlation with the C and lignin content of substrate,but significantly negatively correlation with the content of ash and cellulose.5)The fruiting time of the third flush of mushrooms was significantly negatively correlated with the content of crude protein content and lignin in the substrate.6.The cultivation substrate has significant affection on the nutritional components of C.chaxingu.1)The crude polysaccharide content of C.chaxingu showed significantly negative correlation with the C content and C/N of the substrate,and showed significantly positive correlation with the content of ash.2)The crude protein content of C.chaxingu was positively correlated with the N content of the subatrate and negatively correlated with C/N.3)The content of mineral elements(Na,Mg)in C.chaxingu showed significant correlation with some chemical compositions of the substrate(N content,C content,C/N,ash,cellulose,lignin);There was a significant positive correlation between K content and N content and C content,but has a significant negative correlation with the content of C/N,ash and hemicellulose.This study showed that corn cob and lotus seed hull were high quality cultivation substrate of C.chaxingu.C.chaxingu cultivated with corn cob and lotus seed hull as the main substrates had good agronomic traits and high nutrient content,which not only realizes the green and efficient cyclic utilization of corn cob and lotus seed hull,but also provides new substrates for C.chaxingu,reduces cultivation cost and improves the economic benefit of mushroom farmers.In addition,this study also showed that the chemical composition of the cultivation substrate could significantly affect the agronomic traits and nutrients of C.chaxingu.Therefore,it is possible to shorten the cultivation period,increase the yield and produce C.chaxingu with good agronomic characters by adjusting the cultivation substrate.The results of this study had important significance for promoting the development of C.chaxingu industry. |
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