Effect Of Fermented Bean Dreg On The Reproductive Performance Of Sows In A Hot,Humid Environment

The high temperature and humidity environment in summer affects the reproductive performance of sows.High temperature and humidity have a negative impact on sow performance,such as reduced feed intake,increased constipation,and piglet malnutrition.Fermented feed has the functions of increasing sow feed intake,improving intestinal microflora balance,improving sow digestibility,and increasing lactation yeild.In the case of shortage of protein feed resources,soybean dreg,as a by-product of soybean product production,has a huge annual output,but the antinutritional factors contained in it will affect its digestion and absorption.Microbial fermentation of soybean dreg can reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors and make them easy to digest.Therefore,this study mainly studied the effects of fermented bean dreg(FBD)on the reproductive performance and placental performance of sows by adding different proportions of dry or wet FBD to the diet during summer.This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of FBD on reproductive performance of sows and provide theoretical basis for the application of FBD in late gestation and lactation sows in summer.This test is divided into three parts.1.Effect of fermented bean dreg on the reproductive performance and serum biochemical indicesTwelve DLY ternary sows(average parity=5)with similar body condition and parity were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group.The control group was fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and the treatment group was fed The diet was supplemented with 5%dry fermented soybean dreg in the base diet.The trial lasted 22 days,from sow’s delivery to weaning.The sows were weighed at the end of the trial and the sow intake was recorded daily during the trial.Record the temperature and humidity of the delivery room four days before the test.Sow blood was collected from the anterior vena cava on day 10 and day 20 of lactation to determine serum biochemical indicators.The results showed that the temperature of the delivery house during the experiment period was 20-34℃,and the relative humidity was 55%-90%.After feeding fermented soybean dreg,the feed intake of the sows in the pre-lactation period increased to a certain extent,and the weight of the weaning litter of the piglets also increased,but,it did not reach a significant level;there was no significant change in the glucose content of the sow serum(P>0.05);At the 20th day of the test,the total protein content in the serum was significantly reduced(P<0.01);there was no significant change in serum antioxidant index(P>0.05);the content of malondialdehyde and glutathione catalase in serum was significantly increased at the 20th day of the experiment(P<0.05),the content of total superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced(P<0.01).Therefore,the addition of 5%dry fermented soybean dreg to lactating sows’ diets effected some serum biochemical indicators of sows,but had no significant effect on sow feed intake and weaning litter weight.2.Effects of fermented bean dreg supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows during summerBecause the dry fermented soybean dreg did not play a significant role,this experiment selected unseasoned wet fermented soybean dreg for further testing.Wet fermented soybean dreg contain richer probiotics,which can improve the intestinal flora.24 PIC sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups(control diet;3%FBD diet;6%FBD diet;9%FBD diet).Sows were fed different diets from d 85 of gestation until weaning during summer(temperature:21.0-30.4℃,relative humidity:55%93%).The results showed that supplementation with FBD increased average daily food intake(ADFI)in the third week of lactation(linear,P<0.05)and throughout lactation(P<0.05).FBD supplementation also increased litter weight(P<0.01)and the apparent digestibility of dry matter and phosphorus(P<0.01)at weaning.Additionally,FBD supplementation increased the total protein concentration in the serum of piglets in the treatment groups(P<0.05),but it decreased the urea content in colostrum(P<0.05)and the blood urea nitrogen concentration of sows and piglets at weaning compared to that of the control group(P<0.01).The faecal scores of sows in the treatment groups were decreased(P<0.05)and constipation was also attenuated by FBD.The contents of Escherichia coli in the faeces of the treatment groups were significantly reduced by FBD supplementation(P<0.01).In conclusion,FBD could improve the reproductive performance of sows by increasing the ADFI and by reducing both constipation and the pathogenic bacterial content in sow faeces.3.Effect of fermented bean dreg supplementation on the reproductive performance,placental efficiency,and placental nutrient transporters in sowsTo investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with fermented bean dreg FBD,the analysis of sow litter performance,placental efficiency and relative expression of placental nutrient transport factor mRNA was carried out.The results showed that the litter weight of FBD 9 group was 3.8kg higher than the CON group,but did not reach a significant level(P>0.05).The placental weight per live born piglets of FBD 9 group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05)and the placental efficiency was significantly higher than that of the CON group(P<0.05).The expression of placental mTOR signaling pathway in the FBD 9 group was changed significantly;In FBD 9 group,the relative expression of placental glucose and amino acids transport factor was significantly increased.It can be seen that the addition of 9%fermented soybean dreg to the sow diet in late pregnancy may enhance the sow’s placenta’s ability to transfer nutrients through the mTOR signaling pathway,and ultimately improve the placental efficiency.In a hot,humid environment,the supplement of dry FBD to lactating sow diets has no significant effect on sow reproduction.The supplement of wet FBD to the sow diet during late pregnancy and lactation can significantly increase the sow’s feed intake during lactation and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets.Supplement of wet FBD to the sow diet in the late pregnancy can improve the sow’s placental efficiency and improve the transfer efficiency of the placenta to nutrients.