| Xianghuang chicken and Taoyuan chicken are local chicken breeds with a long history in Hunan.The former has delicate meat,mellow chicken flavor and excellent reproductive performance,but the individual is too small.The latter has excellent meat quality and growth performance but low egg production performance.Therefore,the small and medium-sized high-quality chicken breeding enterprise Liuyang Xiangyiyuan Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.(referred to as "Xiangyiyuan Company")used the above chicken breeds and other high-quality chicken breeds in and outside the province to carry out new breeds based on market characteristics."Chicken" breeding,but because the early breeding is completely corporate behavior,no written material is left.This article first investigates and writes the breed formation process of Xiangdong chickens,quantifies the breeding goals,and then uses Xianghuang chickens and Taoyuan chickens as controls,through comparative analysis of production performance,slaughter performance,meat quality performance and muscle nutritional value,on the one hand is to understand The gap between the current status of "Xiangdong chicken" breeding and the breeding goal,thus guiding the subsequent selection of Xiangdong chicken;on the other hand,it is to accumulate materials for standardizing the breeding technology of enterprises and future breeds(supporting lines)of "Xiangdong chicken".The research results are as follows:(1)The formation process of Xiangdong chicken breeds Xiangyiyuan Company adopted the introduction of Taoyuan as a breeding goal based on different requirements such as "moderate body shape,dominated by jute feathers,high cocks and ruddy,blue chicken feet,yellow skin,less oil and concentrated on the abdomen near the anus".Chickens,Xianghuang chickens and many other local chicken breeds,after 8 years of independent cultivation of Xiangxiang chicken,a high-quality chicken breed with both Xianghuang chicken quality and Taoyuan chicken size.(2)Comparative analysis of production performance of Xiangdong chicken In terms of appearance,the feather color and shin color of Xiangdong chickens are not as uniform as those of Xianghuang chickens and Taoyuan chickens,and the appearances among individuals are mixed.Most of the chicken feathers in Xiangdong are light hemp feathers,a few are yellow feathers and deep hemp feathers,and most of the tibia are copper or cyan(81.2% in total).In terms of body size and body length,Xiangdong chicken is significantly larger than Xianghuang chicken,but significantly smaller than Taoyuan chicken.The above indicators basically meet the breeding goals required by the enterprise.Xiangdong chickens were significantly larger than Xianghuang chickens but significantly smaller than Taoyuan chickens in egg weight,egg diameter,and Hastelloy units.There were no significant differences between the remaining indicators.Egg weight of 150-day-old Xiangdong chicken was 29.5±5.5g,Hastelloy unit was 77.4±3.9,and egg shape index was 1.30±0.07.The color of the eggshell is mixed,so this indicator has not reached the breeding goal of the company(the color of the eggshell is white or pink).(3)Comparative analysis of slaughter performance and meat quality of Xiangdong chicken The slaughter rate of 150-day-old Xiangdong chickens is 90.2±1.1%,and the total clean-out rate is 71.2±1.8%,which is better,but the belly fat weight and belly fat rate of Xiangdong chickens are higher,which is not in line with the breeding of enterprises.Goals(less fat,less subcutaneous fat).The p H value of Xiangdong chicken muscle is6.3±0.7,which is similar to the p H value of Xianghuang chicken 6.0±0.2,indicating that there is no significant difference in meat color between the two chicken breeds.(4)Comparative analysis of muscle nutritional value of Xiangdong chicken In terms of conventional nutritional components,muscle tenderness,amino acid content,and inosinic acid content,there was no significant difference between Xiangdong chicken and Xianghuang chicken.The water content of Xiangdong chicken is 71.9±2.6%,crude ash content is 1.4±0.2%,crude fat content is 5.2±3.3%,crude protein content is 22.6±2.2%;tenderness value is 1.1±0.4kg,11.2± 4.1N;the contents of Thr threonine,Ile isoleucine,Met methionine,Lys lysine,Leu leucine and Val valine in the pectoral and leg muscles are 0.6±0.2 and 0.7±0.1 respectively,0.6±0.2,0.6±0.1,0.3±0.1,0.3±0.1,1.4±0.4,1.4±0.3,0.8±0.2,0.8±0.1,0.5±0.1,0.5±0.1;the inosine of its pectoral and leg muscles The contents were 1.7±0.4 mg/g and 2.0±0.2 mg/g,respectively.In terms of muscle fatty acid content,some fatty acids differ greatly between Xiangdong chicken and Xianghuang chicken,but overall they are similar.Xiangdong chicken’s myristic acid C14:0 is 0.3±0.1%,palmitic acid C16:0 is 22.5±1.5%,palmitoleic acid C16:1 is 2.3±0.8%,heptadecanoic acid C17:0 is 0.2±0.1%,Stearic acid C18:0 is 10.6±1.0%,oleic acid C18:1n9t is 0.2±0.0%,oleic acid C18:1n9c is27.2±3.8%,linoleic acid C18:2n6c is 17.7±2.2%,arachidic acid C20:0 is 0.0±0.0%,αlinoleic acid C18:3n6 is 0.1±0.1%,eicosenoic acid C20:1 is 0.2±0.0%,γ linoleic acid C18:3n3 is 0.4±0.1%,twenty Carbadienoic acid C20:2 is 0.3±0.1%,eicosapentaenoic acid C20:3n6 is 1.0±0.3%,arachidonic acid C20:4n6 is 14.9±4.3%,docosahexaenoic acid C22: 6n3 was 1.7±0.5%,saturated fatty acid SFA was 33.8±1.2%,monounsaturated fatty acid MUFA was 30.0±4.5%,polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA was 36.2±4.8%,and unsaturated fatty acid UFA was 66.2±1.1%.In terms of muscle fiber characteristics,there was no significant difference between Xiangdong chicken and Xianghuang chicken.According to the microstructure diagram,the muscle fiber spacing of Xiangdong chickens is large and uniform.The muscle cross-sections are mostly irregular polygons and different sizes.The muscle fiber diameter is large and the number of muscle cell nuclei is large.Therefore,Xiangdong chicken basically achieves breeding goals in terms of production performance and slaughter performance,but it needs to continue to strengthen breeding in terms of appearance,egg quality and meat quality. |
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