| China is a big producer and consumer of duck meat,and the main breeds of meat ducks are fast and large meat ducks and local hemp ducks.In recent years,with the improvement of people’s material living standards,the meat and duck consumption market has gradually shown diversified characteristics,and people’s demand for high-quality duck meat products such as small-sized meat ducks with local hemp duck as the main source of blood has been increasing.In this study,the germplasm characteristics of high-fertility specialized strains（H2）of high-quality small-sized meat ducks were studied,and the progress of generational breeding,growth performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,egg quality,muscle nutrients,amino acids and fatty acids were studied by the method of performance determination,in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of local ducks in China,and the main results were as follows:After successive breeding,H2 strain meat ducks had increased in its newborn weight,21day-old weight and 42-day-old weight.Compared with the 2018 generation,the opening date of the 2021 generation was advanced by 4 days,the birth weight of the female duck reached 1860 g,the total number of eggs laid at 66 weeks old increased by 6 pieces/piece,the egg weight increased by 0.1 g,the fertilization rate and fertilized egg hatching rate were more than 88%,and the reproductive performance was greatly improved.H2 strain meat ducks had faster weight growth in the first 6 weeks and decreased after 8 weeks,and there was no significant difference between the indicators of adult ducks（P>0.05）.The slaughter rate,semi-net rate and full net rate of 63-day-old male and female ducks were 86.44%,80.37%,73.56%,88.12%,83.14%and 76.46%respectively,and the meat production performance was good.The live weight and slaughter weight of male ducks before slaughter were significantly higher than those of female ducks（P<0.01）,and the semi-net load weight,full clearance weight and foot weight were significantly higher than those of female ducks（P<0.05）,while the abdominal fat rate was significantly lower than that of female ducks（P<0.05）.Meat quality:The results showed that the difference in the quality index of conventional meat of pectoral and leg muscles between H2 strain meat ducks of different sexes was not significant（P>0.05）,indicating that the quality of conventional meat of male and female ducks was basically the same.However,there are differences between different parts,the rate of dehydration of the pectoral muscles,and the shear force is lower than that of the leg muscles.Muscle nutrition results showed that the protein content of pectoral muscles in male ducks was significantly higher than that in female ducks（P<0.01）,while in the leg muscles the opposite was true.The water content of the pectoral and leg muscles of the male and female ducks of the H2 strain meat ducks reached more than 75%,and the palatability was better.The fat content of male and female ducks is 3.14%and 3.30%,and the flavor of the leg muscle is better.The amino acid determination results showed that the glutamic acid content of the 17 amino acids was the highest,followed by lysine,aspartic acid,leucine,and the remaining 13 amino acids were less than 1.5 g/100g,and the EAA/TAA value in the muscles of male and female ducks was about 41%.The content of proline in male pectoral muscles was significantly greater than that in female ducks（P<0.01）,the content of serine was significantly greater than that in female ducks（P<0.05）,the content of cystine in the pectoral muscles of female ducks was significantly greater than that in male ducks（P<0.05）,and the cystine content in male leg muscles was significantly greater than that in female ducks（P<0.05）,The results of fatty acid determination showed that the pectoral and leg muscles of H2 meat duck were rich in fatty acids,and the 20 fatty acids measured had the highest content of linoleic acid,followed by oleic acid,stearic acid,erucic acid and palmitic acid.The remaining 15 fatty acids contain less than 0.15 g/100 g.Except for the three fatty acids of erucic acid,arachidonic acid and DHA in the leg muscle of the female duck,the remaining fatty acid content was greater than that of the male duck,but the difference was not significant（P>0.05）.The content of pearlescent lipid acid in the pectoral muscle of male ducks was significantly greater than that of female ducks（P<0.01）,and the content of pentadecanoic acid,palmoleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid,eicosenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA was significantly greater than that of female ducks（P<0.05）.Egg quality:H2 strain meat duck eggshell color is white,average egg weight 73.29 g,egg shape index is 1.38,average eggshell thickness is 0.31 mm,average yolk weight is 24.32 g,Haugh unit is 77.92,protein height is 6.76 mm,egg yolk ratio is 33.18%.The eggs are of excellent quality and belong to AA grade eggs according to the egg rating standards. |
