| Since the reform and opening up,especially since the 1990 s,with the rapid advance of industrialization and urbanization,the income gap between urban and rural areas,farmers farming opportunity costs,a large number of surplus rural labor force transferring to non-agricultural industries,to city and surrounding towns,the countryside,especially in remote villages become permanent residents of hydrophobic regions,important influence on the cultivated land and the land utilization,has suffered from severe "rural diseases",restricts the sustainable development of rural economic and social,to the implementation of strategy of rejuvenating the country resistance,is the must face and solve the problem,and characteristics of the evolution of the rural population-cultivated land-homestead in-depth analysis and grasp,is the foundation of solve this problem,it has important practical significance and application value.In this paper,6 typical villages in 2 research translines in Huishui County,Guizhou Province were selected for in-depth study.Based on field survey data,high resolution remote sensing image,the third time in the study area land survey data and the social and economic statistical data,and so on,with the help of 3S technology,the methods of field survey method,mathematical statistics analysis method,to various typical village population-cultivated land – homestead the evolution of land features is analyzed.Based on the research results,corresponding policies and measures are proposed.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The population thinning shows the gradient distribution characteristics of dam region villages < mountain and dam crisscross region villages < mountain region villages.During the study period,the permanent population decreased year by year.The proportion of permanent population in both mountainous and mountain villages showed a cliff-like decline after 2005,while the proportion of permanent population in dam area villages decreased most significantly from 1990 to 2005.In terms of the aging rate of household registered population,the Haohuahong-ManyiShuiyuan transect is higher than the Hongqi-Baidong-Yaoshan transect,but the aging rate of permanent resident population is higher than that of the Hongqi-Baidong-Yaoshan transect.Moreover,the aging rate of permanent resident population in the two research transect both took 2005 as the watershed,showing an obvious "horn mouth" pattern.(2)The rate of farmland abandoned increased continuously,and the most serious farmland abandoned was found in mountainous villages,which was much higher than that in dam villages and hill-dam crisscross villages.In addition,the paid transfer of cultivated land showed a gradient pattern of dam area village > mountain dam crisscross area village >mountain village in both translines.The proportion of grain crops in Ba region villages decreased rapidly,and the proportion of cash crops in mountain villages was much lower than that in mountain and dam crisscross region villages and Ba region villages.The proportion of monoculture increased,while the proportion of rotation decreased.The labor input time of cultivated land was continuously compressed,and the labor-saving input and the product-increasing input showed an increasing trend overall,but the difference was obvious among villages.The average yield per unit area of grain crops showed the gradient change characteristics of dam area village > mountain dam crisscross area village >mountain village.During the research period,the average yield per unit area of grain crops showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.(3)land area and land number during the study period continues to increase,the homestead area change dynamic rendering of the shape of mountain dam crisscross area village > mountain village > dam area village,the characteristics of land for housing and a growing proportion of the land area and presents dam area village > mountain dam crisscross area village >mountain village spatial gradient of village landscape features;The perennial idle homestead and seasonal idle homestead in each village showed a trend of continuous increase,but there were spatial differences.The perennial idle homestead was mainly distributed in the mountainous villages.The agricultural production function,residential life function and social security function of the homestead site showed a weakening trend on the whole,but the economic contribution function increased rapidly in Haohuahong village,and the ecological function improved in Shuiyuan village and Yaoshan village.(4)Based on the actual situation of each typical village,differentiated measures should be taken to solve various problems arising from the change of population-cultivated land and homestead,so as to make the cultivated land abandoned,the proportion of single cropland of cultivated land is large,the input cost of cultivated land is high,and the yield of grain crops per unit area of cultivated land decline.The problems of homestead utilization,such as high vacancy rate and difficult function,can be solved scientifically and effectively. |
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