| Food security is a national strategy.Urbanization is the inevitable choice for the continuous advancement of modernization,which leads to the occupation of farmland for construction,but the farmland requisition-compensation must be balanced.Farmland has not only production functions,but also ecological,cultural,landscape,leisure and other service functions.Into the new era,the connotation,objectives and methods of farmland protection must be people-centered and satisfying the people’s yearning for a better life.Firstly,this thesis analyzed the characteristics and patterns of the temporal and spatial evolution of farmland in Hangzhou;Secondly,based on the latest land status survey results(referred to as “Xian Zhuang”),analyzed the current status of farmland use and its relationship with the current permanent basic farmland(referred to as “Yong Nong”)and functional areas of food production,and summarizes the problems existing in current farmland protection and utilization measures;Thirdly,the comprehensive quality of farmland was systematically evaluated in terms of spatial layout,production capacity,utilization conditions,etc.,and delineate different protection zones based on the dominant functions of farmland;Fourthly,establish differentiated farmland use control to lay a foundation for balancing the rigid protection of farmland and the development of ecologically beneficial agriculture.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The quantity of farmland is generally balanced,but the overall quality of farmland has declined,and there is a trend of farmland fragmentation.The quantity of farmland in Hangzhou in 2018 was 209,346.08 hectares,a decrease of 6009.14 hectares compared to 2010.Through the requisition-compensation balance between different regions of 5,706.67 hectares,the quantity of farmland remained stable.Due to the occupation of paddy fields and the replenishment of dry land,paddy fields decreased by 11,719.84 hectares,and dry land increased by 5,710.70 hectares.The construction occupies plain farmland,but the supplementary farmland is mainly distributed on low hills and gentle slopes.The overall farmland slope has increased slightly.The proportion of flat farmland has decreased,and the total high-quality arable land has been reduced by 10,518.85 hectares.The fragmentation of farmland is obvious,and the quantity of concentrated and contiguous farmland has decreased by 11,368.62 hectares.(2)The quantity of arable land in Xian Zhuang has decreased,and part of the reduced arable land has been converted into restorable arable land.The quantity of farmland in Hangzhou was 153,945.35 hectares,a decrease of 78,923.46 hectares compared to 2018 land change survey.However,82,145.61 hectares of recoverable farmland has been newly added,of which 71976.91 hectares of easy-recover farmland,and 10168.70 hectares of project-recover farmland.The easy-recover farmland is mainly converted from the farmland in plains and low hills and gentle slope areas.The utilization methods are mainly water area and water conservancy facility land(23.37%),forest land(45.10%)and plantation land(31.52%),and the comprehensive quality is consistent with the overall farmland in Hangzhou.The project-recover farmland is mainly converted from farmland in mountainous and hilly areas.The utilization methods are mainly forest land(83.39%)and plantation land(10.71%).The overall comprehensive quality is poor,and it is suitable for returning farmland to forest.(3)There is a contradiction between the current status of recoverable farmland use and Yong Nong and food production functional areas.There are 32.70% of Yong Nong and 20.65% of food production functional areas are recoverable farmland.The recoverable farmland in the two areas is mainly easy-recover farmland,accounting for90.23% and 95.12% respectively.This shows to a certain extent that the “bottom line”of not destroying the cultivated soil and maintaining the production capacity in the protected area is basically achieved.(4)The comprehensive quality evaluation index system of farmland is constructed by integrating the three factors of cultivated land fertility,utilization and space,and the comprehensive quality of farmland in Hangzhou is divided into four levels.The first and second level farmland accounts for 78.38% of the total farmland in Hangzhou.Such farmland has good fertility and mature farming conditions.It is mostly distributed in the plain area in the form of contiguous areas.It is in line with the development of agricultural modernization and should be protected as the “bottom line” of farmland.The third and fourth-level farmland accounted for 21.62%.This type of farmland has average fertility and is mostly distributed in fragments on the hills,and the farming conditions are not good.Such farmland should be used for multi-functional and compound utilization while improving its quality.When available,it is advisable to return fourth level farmland to forest.(5)On the basis of the comprehensive quality evaluation of farmland,combined with the existing planning and other research results,to analyze the leading functions of farmland use,so as to determine the functional zoning of farmland protection and provide a basis for grading and classification control of farmland.The production zone,as a food production area,mainly consists of arable land of comprehensive quality level1 and 2,accounting for 67.94% of the total farmland in Hangzhou.The farmland in this zone is gently sloping,mostly in the form of continuous distribution,suitable for largescale cultivation and modern production.It is the core area to ensure food security,in principle,any form of non-agricultural and non-food behavior is prohibited.The production-ecological zone are mainly located in various ecological reserves,accounting for 6.61% of the total farmland.The farmland in this area is closely linked to ecological and environmental functions.Eco-production should be carried out in this zone to minimize the negative impact of agricultural production on the quality of ecological environment.The area of the production-recreation zone accounts for 8.54%of the total farmland in Hangzhou.The farmland in this zone is located in an area suitable for human recreational activities and has normal food production capacity,which can be integrated into the composite use of cultural and recreational functions in human-oriented landscapes.The ecological zone accounts for 4.20%.The farmland in this area is of low quality,with high slope and fragmented distribution in the ecological reserve in the mountainous area,west of Hangzhou,and such farmland should be returned to forest in an orderly manner.The landscape and cultural zone accounts for12.72%.The farmland in this area has a greater function of farming culture and landscape,which is suitable for the development of leisure agriculture industry and the improvement of comprehensive agricultural benefits. |
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