Analysis And Comparison Of Blood Metabolic Related Indicators In Type Ⅰ And Type Ⅱ Ketotic Cows

The perinatal period is a special physiological period for dairy cows.During this period,the dry matter intake is decreased,which leads to a shortage of supply and a state of negative energy balance and triggers fat mobilization.Fat mobilization could generate a large number of non-esterified fatty acids（NEFA）.The incompletely oxidized of NEFA in the liver can produce ketone bodies（β-hydroxybutyric acid（BHBA）,acetoacetic acid and acetone）.When the blood BHBA content is higher than 1.2 mmol/L,ketosis can be diagnosed.Ketosis in dairy cows is one of the most common metabolic disorders diseases in the perinatal period.Cow ketosis is divided into type Ⅰ ketosis and type Ⅱ ketosis.Type I ketosis cows have high blood ketones and hypoglycemia,while type Ⅱ ketosis cows have high blood ketones and have normoglycemia or hyperglycemia.Although studies have shown that type Ⅰ ketosis cows have liver damage,oxidative stress,and inflammation,it is still unclear whether there are similar situation in type Ⅱ ketosis cows,and wheteher there is a lack of comparison between type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows.Therefore,this experiment provides data support for the diagnosis and prevention of different types of ketosis in dairy cows by comparing the differences in blood metabolism indexes between type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows.In this study,20 dairy cows with type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ ketosis and healthy dairy cows were respectively selected to evaluate the changes in blood metabolism indexes.Detection type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows body condition indicators,glucose and lipid metabolism indexes,and hormone related index,the milk production,dry matter intake（DMI）were significantly lower in the type Ⅰ ketosis and type Ⅱ ketosis than healthy cows,and the milk production of type Ⅱ ketosis was lower than typeⅠketosis cows.The BCS of type Ⅰ ketosis dairy cows was significantly lower than that of healthy dairy cows,and the BCS of type Ⅱ ketosis dairy cows was significantly higher than that of type Ⅰ ketosis dairy cows and healthy dairy cows.The levels of NEFA and BHBA in the blood of type Ⅰ ketosis and type Ⅱ ketosis were significantly higher than healthy cows.The Glucose（Glu）level of type Ⅰ ketosis cows was lower than that of type Ⅱ ketosis cows and healthy dairy cows,and the insulin（INS）of type Ⅰ ketosis cows was lower than healthy cows,the INS of type Ⅱ ketosis cows was higher than healthy cows.The levels of Leptin（LP）,Neuropeptide Y（NPY）,Insulin like growth factor-1（IGF-1）and Panoreatio polypeptide（PP）were significantly lower in the type Ⅰ ketosis and type Ⅱ ketosis than healthy cows.These results show that both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows have glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Next,the indicators of liver damage and oxidative stress were detected,it was found that the levels of Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,Aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（GGT）and Lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）were significantly higher than those of healthy dairy cows.The indicators of oxidative stress,Hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and Malonaldehyde（MDA）,which were also significantly higher than that of healthy dairy cows,the activities of ALT,AST,LDH and H₂O₂ in type Ⅱ ketosis cows were significantly higher than those of type Ⅰ ketosis cows.The antioxidant stress indexes of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis including Superoxide dismutase（SOD）,Catalase（CAT）and Glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）were significantly lower than those of health dairy cows,and type Ⅱ ketosis dairy cows were even lower.It shows that both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows have liver damage and oxidative stress,and type Ⅱ ketosis cows are more serious.Finally,the acute reactive protein and immunological related indicators were detected,and two acute phase reactive proteins were found in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ketosis cows:Haptoglobin（HP）and Serum amyloid A protein（SAA）and the levels of Interleukin-1（IL-1）,Interleukin-6（IL-6）and Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）were significantly higher In healthy dairy cows,and these indexes of type Ⅱ ketosis dairy cows were higher than that of type Ⅰ ketosis dairy cows,the Interleukin-2（IL-2）and Interleukin-10（IL-10）and Complement 1q（C1q）levels were significantly lower than healthy cows,and these indictors in type Ⅱ ketosis cows were significantly lower than those in type Ⅰ ketosis cows,indicating that ketosis cows are damaged and trigger acute reactions and systemic inflammation,and the degree of damage and inflammatory state of type Ⅱ ketosis cows are more serious.The above results showed that type Ⅱ ketosis dairy cows usually occur in obese dairy cows;type Ⅰ and Ⅱ ketosis dairy cows with ketosis have liver damage and systemic oxidative stress,which can cause acute reactions and systemic inflammation in the body,and type Ⅱ ketosis liver damage,oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in dairy cows are more serious than those in type Ⅰ ketosis dairy cows.These data provide reference data for the prevention and treatment of ketosis in dairy cows.