| Although the application of chemical fertilizer plays an important role in ensuring national food security,in recent years,due to the large amount of chemical fertilizer application,it has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of agriculture.China is rich in organic fertilizer resources,but the utilization rate is low,which not only causes the waste of organic fertilizer resources,but also becomes the main source of environmental pollution.is an inevitable measure for China in the future In this study,wheat and maize rotation in the black soil area of Shajiang in South Henan Province was used as the research object.The field plot experiment was conducted.In winter wheat(hereinafter referred to as wheat),single fertilizer(N1000M100),organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer nitrogen 20%(N80M40),40%(N60M40),60%(N40M60),80%(N20M80)and 100%(NOM100)were set up in winter wheat(hereinafter referred to as wheat)in the field plot Six treatments.summer maize(hereinafter referred to as maize)were treated with equal amount of fertilizer.The effects of different proportion of fertilizer nitrogen on crop growth,nutrient absorption and soil related fertility index were studied by using organic fertilizer in wheat and maize rotation in order to determine the best proportion of replacing fertilizer in the previous stubble of wheat and maize rotation,and realize the transformation of wheat and mazie rotation in Shajiang black soil The results show that the application of fertilizer can provide practical basis.The main results are as follows:(1)With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer to nitrogen,the yield and biomass of wheat and maize increased first and then decreased.The yield of 20%100%of organic fertilizer nitrogen treatment was higher than that of 100%fertilizer(N100M0).Among the alternative treatments,the yield and biomass of 40%nitrogen fertilizer treatment(N40M60)were replaced by organic fertilizer.Compared with N100M0,the yield of wheat and Maize TreateTherefore,making full use of organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer d with N40M60 increased by 11.18%and 15.61%,and the biomass of wheat in jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage increased by 10.93%,22.42%and 13.24%respectively;the biomass of maize in jointing stage,spinning stage and mature stage increased by 35.64%,24.56%and 8.13%respectively.Compared with N100M0,organic fertilizer can increase photosynthesis of crops by replacing 20%～100%fertilizer nitrogen,of which N40M60 treatment increases most significantly.Compared with n100m0,the net photosynthetic efficiency,stomatal conductance and transpiration of functional leaves increased significantly in the jointing and flowering stage of N40M60 treated wheat.Compared with N100M0,the SPAD value of functional leaves of wheat and maize could be increased by organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer.The SPAD values of N40M60 treated functional leaves increased by 30.67%,21.11%,29.21%and 8.63%respectively in the jointing stage,flowering stage,jointing stage and spinning stage of maize.(2)With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium literacy in wheat and maize showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.In the same period of growth,compared with N100M0,N40M60 treatment had the best effect,and the difference reached a significant level.The nitrogen accumulation in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat was increased by 9.32%,29.18%and 11.65%respectively,while that in the jointing stage,spinning stage and mature stage of maize increased 54.21%,21.81%and 26.81%respectively.The phosphorus accumulation in the jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage of wheat was increased by 28.14%,47.30%and 43.2%respectively,and the corresponding values of maize jointing stage,spinning stage and mature stage increased by 100.78%,40.84%and 33.26%respectively.The potassium accumulation in the jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage of wheat was increased by 40.85%and 36.12%and 11.47%,while the corresponding values of the jointing stage,the spinning stage and the mature stage of maize increased 78.23%,23.15%and 18.73%respectively.(3)The effect of organic fertilizer on the index of crop lodging resistance varies with different crops.In wheat season,The plant height increased by 2.03%～8.94%,the internode length decreased by 2.33%～8.74%,the height of gravity center increased by 7.98%～16.87%,and the fresh weight per plant increased by 5.86%～27.18%,The height of gravity center increased by 7.98%～16.87%,and the fresh weight per plant increased by 5.86%～27.18%There was no significant change in crushing strength and mechanical strength of wheat straw The results showed that although the effect direction of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen on lodging resistance was different,the effect on Lodging Resistance of wheat was relatively small.In maize season,compared with N100M0,the plant height,center of gravity,ear height and spike coefficient coefficient of organic fertilizer in different proportion of fertilizer were not significantly different from that of the former.Although the length of 3-5 sections increased,the diameter of 3-5 internode,dry weight between nodes,dry matter weight per unit stem,crushing strength and anti pour index also increased,indicating that organic fertilizer could replace fertilizer in general It is helpful to improve the lodging resistance of maize.(4)With the development of wheat and maize,the soil soluble carbon increased first and then decreased,and the change law of soil soluble nitrogen was not obvious.In the same growth period,compared with N100M0,organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil soluble carbon and nitrogen,and the highest value of soluble carbon and nitrogen is treated with n40m60.Compared with N100M0,the soluble carbon of N40M60 treatment increased 36.13%,22.98%and 39.13%respectively,while that of maize increased by 24.15%,91.43%and 29.91%respectively,while that of N40M60 treatment in jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage of wheat increased 62.87%,21.66%and 35.72%respectively The corresponding values of the jointing stage,the spinning stage and the mature stage of maize increased by 31.50%,37.22%and 15.74%respectively.(5)With the development of wheat and maize,the activities of sucrose and urease in wheat soil decreased,while the activity of neutral phosphatase increased first and then decreased,while the change trend of Sucrose Enzyme and urease activity was not obvious.With the increase of the ratio of organic fertilizer to nitrogen,sucrose enzyme,urease and neutral phosphatase activity in wheat maize soil increased first and then decreased,among which N40M60 was the highest.Compared with N100M0,the activities of sucrose enzyme increased by 28.95%,33.13%and 26.28%in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat,while the corresponding values of maize jointing stage,silk spinning stage and maturity stage increased by 16.65%,34.81%and 31.81%,respectively;the neutral phosphatase activity of N40M60 soil increased by 37.12%,47.16%and 63.07%respectively in the jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage of wheat,while that of maize in the pulling stage,34.81%and 31.81%respectively;the neutral phosphatase activity of N40M60 soil increased by 37.12%,47.16%and 63.07%respectively;while the corresponding values of the jointing stage,the spinning stage and the mature stage increased by 70.77%,74.20%and 86.04%respectively;the Urease Activities of wheat decreased 33.97%,14.35%and 40.03%respectively in the jointing stage,the flowering stage and the mature stage;and the corresponding values of N40M60 in the jointing stage,the spinning stage and the mature stage of maize increased 48.85%,41.23%and 2.41%respectively.(6)With the increase of organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer,the soil treated by wheat and maize at maturity stage is high,and the middle and low active organic carbon have an increasing trend.Compared with N100M0,the soil with N40M60 increased 7.27%,24.46%and 54.54%respectively in wheat season,while the corresponding treatment in maize season increased 29.59%,2.24%and 27.06%respectively.(7)Compared with N100M0,the soil bulk density of organic fertilizer replacement 20%～40%chemical nitrogen fertilizer wheat decreased by 3.35%～8.04%,the moisture content of wheat and Maize in maturity period increased,while soil pH wheat season decreased,and the high quantity of substitution treatment in maize season increased,but the difference was not significant. |
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