Effects Of Different Fertilization Treatments On Soil And Crop Yield In Black Soil

At present,the sustainable development of agriculture in Heilongjiang is seriously restricted by the decline of the black soil fertility and the degradation of the soil quality.Relieving the degradation of black soil and improving soil fertility are of great significance for soil fertility and arable land protection in Heilongjiang Province and sustainable agricultural development.To this end,the representative black soil was selected in 2016,under the same nitrogen level,the soil physical and chemical properties and yield of corn and soybean at different growth stages were analyzed in different fertilization treatments(T1 organic fertilizer I,T2 organic fertilizer II,T3 microbial fertilizer,T4 liquid fertilizer,T5 fertilizer),we evaluated the effect of fertilization on black soil by principal component analysis.According to the comprehensive results of the fertilization treatments,the top two fertilizers were selected for application in 2017,and 6 treatments with different combination proportions were set up to study their impact on the physical and chemical properties and yield of black soil.The aim was to explore the suitable black soil fertility mode in Heilongjiang province.The results of the 2016 test were as follows:In the soil of corn planting,the effect of T3 treatment on soil bulk density,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium content and yield was better,followed by T5 treatment,and T4 treatment was the lowest;the effect of T1 and T2 treatment on soil pH and soil organic matter content was significantly higher than that of other treatments,followed by T3 treatment,and T5 treatment was the lowest.In the soil of soybean planting,T1 treatment showed the best comprehensive performance in soil bulk density,pH,organic matter and total nitrogen content,followed by T2 treatment,and T5 treatment was the lowest.T5 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments in available nutrient supply capacity and yield,followed by T3 treatment,and T4 treatment was the lowest.Principal component analysis showed that the total score of soil physical and chemical properties and yield of two crops under different fertilization treatments were T1>T3>T2>T4>T5.In 2017,organic fertilizer(O)and microbial fertilizer(M)were selected and the results were as follows:1)with the increase of proportions,the soil bulk density of the two crops decreased gradually.Compared with the control,the soil bulk density of high dosage treatment(O5M1)decreased most,corn soil decreased by 1.74%,and soybean soil decreased by 1.28%.2)High volume combination treatment(O5M1)had significant effect on improving soil pH value of two crops.Compared with soil pH before fertilization,the improvement of soil pH was better than soybean soil.The combination of organic manure and microbial fertilizer had a significant effect on improving soil organic matter content.The contents of organic matter in two crops were directly proportional to the amount of organic fertilizer application.Middle low combined treatment(O1M5 and O2M4)was beneficial to improve soil total nitrogen content.Compared with the control,O2M4 treatment increased the most,which was 3.12%(corn),and O1M5 treatment increased the most,which was 1.78%(soybean).The medium and low dosage treatment could significantly increase the availability of soil available phosphorus.The highest content of soil available P in corn and soybean mature period was O3M3 and O2M4 respectively.In the high amount of fertilizer to enhance supply capacity of soil available potassium,processing corn and soybean maturity of soil available potassium content was the highest in the O5M1 and O3M3 respectively.3)O5M1 treatment was the highest in corn yield;corn yield was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density,significant positive correlation with pH,significant positive correlation with organic matter content,and significant positive correlation with the content of available potassium.O3M3 treatment was the highest in soybean yield,and soybean yield only had a significant positive correlation with soil available potassium content.Comprehensive analysis shows that the combination of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer can make up the shortage of single fertilizer.Through the principal component analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and yield results of two crops,O5M1 treatment is the best fertilizer model for corn;O3M3 treatment is the best fertilizer model for soybean.