| Inula japonica Thunb.is a perennial herbaceous plant of Asteraceae,also known as Inula for medicinal and ornamental plants.Inula linariifolia Turcz.is a perennial herbaceous plant of Asteraceae.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition)contains the Inulae Herba medicinal material,which is the dry ground part of I.linariifolia or I.japonica.It is harvested and dried in summer and autumn.Taste bitter,spicy,salty,warm,into the lungs,large intestine.It has the functions of reducing gas,eliminating phlegm,stopping water and so on.It is often used for exogenous wind and cold,Phlegm drink storage knot,cough and asthma phlegm,chest diaphragm ruffian full and so on.At the same time,I.japonica is also the original plant of Inulae Flos.At present,the research on I.japonica and I.linariifolia mainly focused on chemical composition,pharmacological action,and identification of medicinal materials,but rarely reported on its cultivation physiology.In recent years,different biological activities in antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other aspects have attracted more and more attention.The research on I.japonica and I.linariifolia has gradually become a hot spot,and the market demand is gradually increasing.However,due to serious damage of ecological environment,the wild resources of I.japonica and I.linariifolia have been reduced sharply.Thus,standardized cultivation is the only way to solve the sustainable development of I.japonica and I.linariifolia resources.In this study,the effects of different nutrient levels on the growth and chemical composition of I.japonica and I.linariifolia were analyzed by nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization,and the characteristics of fertilizer requirement were preliminarily revealed in order to provide a basis for the establishment of artificial cultivation technology system of I.japonica and I.linariifolia.(1)Using "3414" orthogonal experimental design,the effects of phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on plant morphology and dry matter accumulation of cyclotron and cyclotron were studied,and the effects of different phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,fresh weight,dry weight and drying rate of cyclotron and cyclotron were analyzed.The results showed that different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization had significant effects on plant morphology and dry matter accumulation of I.japonica and I.linariifolia.With the increase of fertilization amount,the growth indexes of I japonica and I.linariifolia showed an upward trend.(2)The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on the physiological and biochemical indices of I.japonica and I.linariifolia were studied.The effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on chlorophyll,soluble sugar,proline and malondialdehyde contents and protective enzyme activities in I.japonica and I.linariifolia were analyzed.Result:Different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization had significant effects on physiological and biochemical indexes of I.japonica and I.linariifolia.Suitable nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization could increase chlorophyll,soluble sugar and proline contents of I.japonica and I.linariifolia,reduce malondialdehyde content and increase protective enzyme activities of I.japonica and I.linariifolia.(3)The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on the chemical constituents of I.japonica and I.linariifolia were studied.The effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on the contents of alcohol-soluble extracts,total flavonoids,quercetin,luteolin and inunolide in the aerial part and inflorescence of I.japonica and I.linariifolia were analyzed.The results showed that fertilization with different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization had significant effects on the aboveground and inflorescence chemical components.The contents of alcohol-soluble extracts in the aboveground and inflorescence of I.japonica and I.linariifolia all met the pharmacopoeia standards,and the contents of total flavonoids,quercetin,luteolin and inunolide increased significantly.(4)Using the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function,it can be seen that I.japonica and I.linariifolia are both hi-fertilizer plants.The optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula of I.japonica was N3P2K2,which is high level nitrogen fertilizer,medium level phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.The optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula of I.linariifolia was N2P2K3,which is high level potassium fertilizer,medium level nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. |
