| In the late stage of poultry hatching,the body has frequent activities,and the energy required for shelling is very large.However,in the commercial production of broiler chickens,the broiler chickens are delayed to feeding due to commercial transportation and other links,which further affects early growth and development.Studies have shown that in ovo feeding(IOF)as an early nutritional regulation technology can provide exogenous nutrients for chicken embryos in the late incubation period,alleviate the problem of insufficient energy in the late incubation period,and help to increase broiler market weight.Studies have shown that the injection of Creatine pyruvate(CrPyr)technology can promote the hatching weight and breast muscle weight of broilers,but the effects on thigh muscle have rarely been reported.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 12mg pyruvate creatine on the energy metabolism and muscle development of broiler thigh muscle in the late stage of hatching of Arbor Acres(AA)broiler eggs,and to explore the related mechanism.1.Effects of in ovo feeding of CrPyr on energy reserve of chicken embryo and early broiler chicken in late hatchingThe experiment was designed by single factor experiment.960 eggs of similar size and uniform weight were collected from the eggs.They were randomly divided into 3 treatments,8 replicates for each treatment,40 eggs for one repetition,and each egg was labeled after weighing.The experiment of embryo injection was carried out at 17.5 d of the incubation period at an injection dose of 0.6 mL per egg.The three treatment groups were as follows:I):blank control group,no treatment(Normal control group,NC);Ⅱ):saline control group,injection concentration of Nacl 7.5 g/L(Normal saline,Saline);Ⅲ):pyruvate creatine injection group injection concentration of CrPyr 20 g/L,dissolved in physiological saline(CrPyr).After hatch,egg hole sealed with paraffin.The routine hatching process was continued.After the hatch,120 male chicks with uniform body weight and close to average body weight were randomly selected from each treatment,randomly assigned to 8 replicates,and 15 chickens were repeated.The broiler feeding management manual was tested for feeding and was kept for 7 days.The results showed that compared with NC group and Saline group,CrPyr injection group significantly increased the concentration of thigh muscle glucose in broiler chickens on the day of hatch(P<0.05);compared with NC group and Saline group,CrPyr injection group significantly improved the concentration of ADP in the thigh muscle of the chicken was hatched for 19 days(P<0.05),and the concentration of ATP in the thigh muscle was decreased(P<0.05).The CrPyr injection group significantly increased the ATP concentration in the thigh muscle of the broiler on the day of hatch(P<0.05).The concentration of ADP was decreased(P<0.05).The CrPyr injection group significantly increased the activity of creatine kinase in the thigh muscle of the 19 day of embryo,the day of hatch and the 3 day after hatch(P<0.05).The CrPyr injection group could significantly increased the activity of creatine kinase in the 19 day of embryo,the day of hatching and 3 day after hatch(P<0.05),while the CrPyr injection group had no significant effect on the activity of thigh muscle creatine kinase on7 day after hatch(P>0.05);Compared with NC group and Saline group,CrPyr injection group significantly increased the relative expression of GLUTS and GLUT8 genes in broiler thigh muscles on the day of hatch(P<0.05),but on LKBI,STRAD and AMPKa genes,there was no significant effect on relative expression(P>0.05).2.Effects of in ovo feeding of CrPyr on muscle development of chicken embryo and early broiler chicken in late hatchingThe experimental design was the same as test 1.The test results showed that compared with the NC group and the Saline group,the CrPyr injection group had a tendency to increase the muscle weight and thigh muscle rate of the broiler chickens,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);CrPyr injection group had no significant effect on the relative expression of GS and GA mRNAs in key amino acid metabolism enzymes(P>0.05).Compared with NC group and Saline group,CrPyr injection group significantly improved thigh muscle LAT1 of 3 day and 7 day after hatch.The expression level of SNAT2 gene mRNA(P<0.05);CrPyr injection group significantly increased the relative expression of Pax3 and Pax7 genes in broilers thigh muscles of 3 day after hatch(P<0.05);compared with NC group and Saline group,CrPyr injection group significantly increased the relative expression of MyoD and Myf5 genes in the thigh muscle of the broilers on the day of hatch and 3 day after hatch(P<0.05),and significantly increased the expression of MyoG and Pax7 genes in the thigh muscle of 3 day after hatch(P<0.05),the CrPyr injection group significantly reduced the expression of MSTN gene in the thigh muscle of broilers on the 3 days after hatch(P<0.05).Compared with the NC group and the Saline group,the CrPyr injection group significantly increased the 3 days after hatch.IR,IRS-1,mTOR,4EBP1 and S6K1 genes of broilers on the 7 days after hatch(P<0.05).In addition,injection of CrPyr significantly down-regulated the relative expression levels of key genes FOXO1,Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in the UPP pathway of broilers on the 3 days after hatch(P<0.05).In summary,the paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The CrPyr injection group significantly increased the concentration of creatine in the late incubation period and the day of the shelling and increased the activity of creatine kinase,enhanced the energy buffering effect of the muscle creatine metabolism pool,and enhanced the energy reserve.(2)The CrPyr injection group had a tendency to increase the muscle weight and leg muscle rate of chicks.The CrPyr injection group up-regulated the expression of amino acid transporter gene in thigh muscles at 3 and 7 days after hatch.The CrPyr injection group significantly up-regulated the expression of key factors of mTOR signaling pathway at the 3rd and 7th day after hatch,and activated mTOR.The CrPyr injection group inhibited the ubiquitin proteasome pathway to degrade muscle protein and promote muscle development. |
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