Study On The Groeth-promoting Effect And Molecular Mechanism Of Borosia Chinensis Feed Additive

It is of great significance to develop green feed additives from Chinese herbal medicine for animal breeding.In this study,Macleaya alkaloid extract was used as the main raw material with other ingredients,several of feed additives were designed on the basis of preliminary experiments,which were used in the breeding experiments of chicken and carp.The effects on growth characteristics,non-specific immune factors and various antioxidant factors of chicken and carp were detected.The possible molecular mechanism was revealed by examining its effect on the transcriptome of various tissues.The experimental results are as follows:1.The domestication of wild macleaya cordata and the optimized extraction process of alkaloids were explored.The results showed that the wild plants could grow well in the low altitude area,which solved the problem of raw material source in mass production.To explore the extraction scheme of alkaloid by acidic ethanol method in macleaya cordata,the exploration conditions include ethanol concentration,material to liquid ratio,extraction duration,extraction temperature and p H value.Finally,it was found that the optimal conditions for extraction were: in the 85% ethanol solution with p H=2,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:16,and the constant temperature of 70℃ water bath was 4h.2.The feed additive formulations suitable for chicken and carp were designed and added to the basic diet for animal feeding experiments to determine the effect of feed additives on animal breeding performance.It was found that the additives could significantly increase the average daily weight gain and average daily food intake of chickens.The optimal formula is DB.In the growth performance experiment of carp,the experiment lasted for 30 days.Survival rate,weight growth rate and bait rate were used to reflect the growth performance of carp.The results showed that the three experimental groups could significantly increase the survival rate and weight growth rate of carp and reduce the bait rate of carp.It shows that feed additives can promote the growth performance of carp.The best formula is FC.3.The effects of additives on non-specific immune indexes of chicken and carp tissues were investigated: It includes the influence of acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and lysozyme(LZM),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1 beta),interferon gamma(IFN-gamma)and tumor immune factor alpha(TNF alpha).According to the experimental results,it was found that these indexes were significantly improved in each tissue,indicating that the feed additives had a certain promoting effect on the immune function of chicken and carp.4.The effects of additives on antioxidant indexes of chicken and carp were investigated,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),alanine transaminase(GPT),malondialdehyde(MDA),cytochrome P450 1A1 gene(CYP1A1)and glutathione transferase gene(GST).SOD and GPT activity and CYP1A1 and GST expression levels were increased in different tissues,but MDA content was decreased.The results showed that the feed additives also promoted the antioxidant properties of broilers and carp.5.Transcriptome analysis of broilers and carp showed that the differential genes contained a large number of genes related to growth,immunity and antioxidant functions.GO enrichment analysis showed that the additives were mainly realized by regulating the activities of related cytokines and enzymes and controlling the reaction process.6.The analysis of the intestinal contents of carp showed that the feed additives had little effect on the intestinal microbial species of carp,but had a significant effect on the microbial community composition,such as significantly increasing the proportion of lactobacillus lactococcus and decreasing the proportion of aeromonas and xinonella.It can be seen that feed additives can effectively increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of carp and reduce the proportion of harmful bacteria,which has positive and important significance for individual growth,immunity and antioxidant functions of carp.To sum up,the feed additives prepared with the alkaloid extract of macleaya cordata as the main component and other Chinese medicinal materials have the obvious characteristics of promoting the growth of chicken and carp,as well as the non-specific immune ability and antioxidant ability of tissues.The molecular mechanism of its action is realized by regulating the activity of related cytokines and enzymes and controlling the reaction process.These results have certain significance for the development of green feed additives and animal breeding to produce safe and healthy animal products,At the same time also has a very broad market prospects.