Effects Of Lonicera Japonica Compound Feed Additive On Growth,Immunity And Histomorphology Of Broilers

As a feed additive,Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of application in China.Due to its unique naturalness,versatility,small side effects,no drug resistance and no residue,it has the advantages of preventing body diseases,promoting growth,and improving the immunity of livestock and poultry.Such effects have become a hot topic at home and abroad.Based on the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacodynamics,this study selected compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additives consisting of large-scale Chinese herbal medicines,Lonicera japonica and Alcklandia lappa,which have the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying and regulating qi and appetizing.150 12-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups（1control group and 4 test groups）,with 3 replicates in each group and 10 replicates in each group.The control group was fed the basal diet and drinking water.The test group1,the test 2 group,the test 3 group and the test 4 group were respectively added with1.0%,1.5%,2.0%and 3.0%Lonicera japonica compound feed additive in drinking water.The ratio of Alcklandia lappa to Lonicera japonica was 1:1.The test period was48 days,of which 1-16d was the trial phase I（broilers 12-27 days old）,the test 17-32d was the trial phase II（broiler chicken 28-43 days old）,and the test 33-48d was the trial phase III（broiler chicken 44-59 days old）,The growth performance indexes（average daily feed intake,average daily gain,feed-to-weight ratio and survival rate）of each test group were examined.Serum biochemical indexes（serum protein content,serum enzyme activity,cholesterol,etc.）Changes in composition,changes in the immune organs index of the spleen,thymus and bursa of Fabricius.At the same time,changes in immune indexes of IgG,IgA and complement C₃ at 59 days of age were measured,and histological analysis of the liver,spleen,and kidney at 59 days of age was performed.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Effects on growth performance of broilers:The survival rate of broilers in each test group was higher than that in the control group;the average daily feed intake in broiler test I,II and III was the highest in the test group 2,and there was a significant difference between the trial phase II,III and the control group（P<0.05）.In the trial phase I,the average daily weight gain of the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 3 was higher than that of the control group,but did not reach a significant level（P>0.05）,and the average daily gain of the group 4 was lower than that of the control group.The average daily weight gain of the test group 1,the test group 2 and the test group 3 in the trial phase II and the trial phase III were all higher than the control group,and in the trial phase III,the test group 3 reached a significant level（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference about material weight between the experimental group and the control group in the trial phase II and the trial phase III（P>0.05）.Studies have shown that adding 1.5%Lonicera japonica compound feed additive to drinking water can simultaneously increase the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers,and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio.2.Effects on blood biochemical parameters of broilers:The serum total protein of the broilers in the 27-day-old test group 2,the test 3 group and the test group 4 increased,but the difference were not significant（P>0.05）;the 59-day-old test group 2 The total protein content of the test group 3 and the test group 4 was higher than that of the control group,and the albumin of the test group 1 and the test group 3 were higher than the control group.At 27 days old broiler,the alkaline phosphatase activities of the test 1,2 and test 3 groups were higher than the control group,and there was a significant difference（P<0.01）;43 days old,the alkali phosphatase activity of test group 2 and test group 4 was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）.The lactate dehydrogenase activity of the two groups in the whole trial was lower than that of the control group,and reached a very significant level（P<0.01）.When the 43rd day of age,the creatine kinase activity in the test 1,2 and test 3 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）,and the test 2 group was the most obvious.The total cholesterol（TC）content of the 43-day-old experimental group was lower than that of the control group and reached a significant level（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference between the other blood biochemical indicators and the control group（P>0.05）.In summary,Lonicera japonica compound feed additive,especially 1.5%,could increase serum protein content,decrease serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity,and enhance alkaline phosphatase activity and serum cholesterol levels.3.Effects on immune function of broilers:At 27 days old,the bursa of Fabricius index of broilers of test 2,test 3 and test 4 were significantly higher than the control group（P<0.05）.At 43 days old,the bursa of Fabricius index of the test group 1 and the test group 2 were higher than the control group,and the test group 1 significantly increased by 41.3%（P<0.05）.At 27 days of age,the spleen index of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）.The spleen index of the43-day-old trial group 1 and 2 were higher than the control group,which increased by6.0%and 7.5%,respectively,but it did not reach a significant level（P>0.05）.The spleen index of the 59-day-old test group 1,the test 2 group and the test 3 group were significantly higher than the control group.At 27 days of age,the thymus index of the experimental group 2 was significantly higher than that of the control group.At 43 days and 59 days of age,the thymus index of the experimental group 4 was significantly lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）.And there was no significant difference between the other experimental groups and the control group（P>0.05）.Compared with the control group,the serum IgA levels in the test group 1,the test group 2 and the test group 3 were increased by 20.12%,25.04%,and 7.0%.The serum IgA levels in the test group 4 were lower,compared with the control group,and it did not reach a significant level（P>0.05）.Compared with the control group,the serum IgG levels in the test group1 and the test group 2 were significantly increased by 13.94%and 17.28%（P<0.05）.Serum IgG levels in the 4 groups were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）;The serum complement C₃ content of each experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3 reached significant levels（P<0.05）.The results showed that the addition of Lonicera japonica compound feed additive in drinking water can improve the immune performance of broilers,and the best effect was 1.5%.4.Effects on the histology of broiler organs:The liver,spleen and kidney tissues of the control group developed normally,and there were no histological changes in the test group 1 and the test group 2.There were different degrees of histopathological changes in the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4,and the severity of the lesion increased with the increase of the concentration.The tissue damage mainly showed hepatic cell hemorrhage,congestion,inflammatory cell infiltration,spleen hemorrhage,renal hemorrhage,Renal tubular epithelial cells are swollen.The results showed that1.0%and 1.5%of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives in drinking water had no damage to spleen tissues of broilers,but when the concentration reached 2.0%and above,the liver,spleen and kidney tissues of broilers were damaged to varying degrees.Considering the growth performance indicators,blood biochemical indicators,immune function indicators and organ histology effects,the best effect was adding1.5%compound Chinese herbal feed additives.It has the functions of promoting the growth and development of broilers,enhancing immunity and improving feed utilization.