Design And Experimental Study On Key Components Of Sugarcane Seedling Transplanter

At present,sugarcane is the main source of sugar production,and the sugarcane planting area of in china ranks among the top three in the world.Planting sugarcane has proved to be one of the main economic sources of farmers in Guangdong Province.According to the field survey,the main planting methods of sugarcane planting currently are artificial planting.Artificial planting requires a large amount of time and energy from sugarcane farmers,the mechanical planting mainly uses a seed-cutting sugarcane planter.The number of labor and labor intensity can been cut down by using planting machine to a certain extent,but there are problems such as large machine structure,large number of operators,high cost,etc.Recent years have witnessed a spurt of progress in seedling transplanting technology.As the seedling transplanting technology is widely used in agricultural production.The transplanting of sugarcane seedling can not only improve sugarcane yield and early sugarcane maturity,but also save 20% ～30% of sugarcane seeds than transplanting sugarcane seeds directly.However,due to the agricultural requirements of transplanting of sugarcane seedlings,the key components of the transplanter developed at home and abroad can’t content the transplanting of sugarcane seedlings.In this paper,the key technologies and components of sugarcane seedling transplanter are studied in combination with the research and development of efficient transplanting technology and equipment.(1)Determining the agronomic requirements for the normal growth of sugarcane seedlings after transplanting based on field research,the ditching depth is 200～300mm,the ditching width is 200～300 mm,the row spacing is 1100～1200 mm,and the plant spacing is 420～450 mm.Due to the large depth of ditching,in order to ensure that sugarcane seedling roots can be more easily penetrated into the soil during the growth,it is necessary to backfill the soil particles to 120～150 mm after trenching.To meet the requirements of sugarcane seedling transplanting agronomy and the subject requirements of sugarcane seedling transplantation,this paper proposes and designs the opener and planting device which is suitable for sugarcane seedling transplanting.(2)The overall structure and working principle of the opener of the sugarcane seedling transplanter are elaborated in detail,the movement state of soil particles in the trenching operation is analyzed,and the main factors affecting the depth of soil particles backflow are the ditching width and ditching depth of the trenching operation,analysis and calculation of the influence of the planting device(i.e.the secondary opener)on the perpendicularity of sugarcane seedlings transplanting,and obtains the installation position of the vertical surface of the opener and the planting device affects the backflow speed and backfill depth of soil particles,the backflow speed and backfill depth affect the perpendicularity of the seedlings.(3)The discrete element model of opener and planting device is established.First of all,based on the EDEM software,combined with the agronomic requirements of the transplanting of sugarcane seedling,taking the depth of soil backfill and the horizontal working resistance of the opener as the test indexes,the ditching operation is simulated and analyzed under different ditching width and depth,and the optimal parameters of the opener are as follow: the ditching width is 200 mm and the ditching depth is 200 mm.At this time,the depth of soil particle backflowing is 128.4 mm,which meets the agronomic requirements,the horizontal working resistance of the opener is 372.8 N,which is the minimum value.Secondly,based on the EDEM software,under the different vertical plane height difference between the opener and the planting device(i.e.the secondary opener),the planting perpendicularity is used as the test index to analyze the influence of the height difference on the planting perpendicularity during the secondary trenching operation.The analysis shows that when the height difference is 100 mm,the perpendicularity of sugarcane seedling is82.2°.It indicated that the key components designed in this paper can meet the requirements of transplanting sugarcane seedlings and ensure that sugarcane seedlings have a high perpendicularity,which provides a reference for the subsequent test.(4)Test of key components.Firstly,taking the backflow depth of soil particles and the horizontal working resistance of the opener as the test indexes,combined the optimal ditching width and depth of the simulation test to carry out the ditching test.The comparison between the simulation test results and the soil trough test results shows that the relative error between the simulation results and the test results is 3.1%;the relative error between the simulation results and the test results of the working resistance of the opener is 14.7%.The results verify the reliability of the discrete element simulation analysis results and the rationality of the opener designed in this paper.Secondly,taking the qualified rate of planting and plant spacing variation coefficient as the experimental indexes,the height difference between the opener and the planting device as the experimental conditions to carry out the field experiment.Affected by the epidemic situation,the test used corn seedling with a stem diameter and height similar to that of sugarcane seedlings.The results show that when the height difference between the opener and the planting device is 100 mm,the highest qualified rate of planting is 96.7%,the maximum coefficient of variation of plant spacing is 2.37%,and the outcome indicated that this machine can content the expected design requirements of the sugarcane transplanter.